论文标题
亚历山大·弗里德曼（Alexander Friedmann）对宇宙扩展和量子真空的预测
Centenary of Alexander Friedmann's Prediction of the Universe Expansion and the Quantum Vacuum
论文作者
论文摘要
我们回顾了从远古时代到阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein）开发的宇宙的主要科学图片，并强调所有这些都将宇宙视为具有不变的物理特性的固定系统。与此相反，100年前，亚历山大·弗里德曼（Alexander Friedmann）预测，宇宙从无限大的能量密度开始扩展。我们简要讨论了该预测的物理含义及其实验确认，包括在远程星系和遗物辐射的光谱中发现红移。在提到了热宇宙理论中的地平线问题之后，与量子真空概念相关的通货膨胀模型被视为通气场的替代品。讨论了宇宙的加速膨胀是由源自量子真空的宇宙常数提供的。得出的结论是，由于亚历山大·弗里德曼（Alexander Friedmann）对宇宙扩张的预测与以前的时代相比，从根本上改变了我们对世界的图片，因此他的名字应与托勒密和哥白尼的名字相提并论。
We review the main scientific pictures of the universe developed from ancient times to Albert Einstein and underline that all of them treated the universe as a stationary system with unchanged physical properties. In contrast to this, 100 years ago Alexander Friedmann predicted that the universe expands starting from the point of infinitely large energy density. We briefly discuss the physical meaning of this prediction and its experimental confirmation consisting of the discovery of redshift in the spectra of remote galaxies and relic radiation. After mentioning the horizon problem in the theory of the hot universe, the inflationary model is considered in connection with the concept of quantum vacuum as an alternative to the inflaton field. The accelerated expansion of the universe is discussed as powered by the cosmological constant originating from the quantum vacuum. The conclusion is made that since Alexander Friedmann's prediction of the universe expansion radically altered our picture of the world in comparison with the previous epochs, his name should be put on a par with the names of Ptolemy and Copernicus.
