论文标题
基于物理学的模型，以预测DIEL周期和整个季节的地面自主记录单元的声学检测距离：来自高山和新热带森林的见解
Physics-based model to predict the acoustic detection distance of terrestrial autonomous recording units over the diel cycle and across seasons: insights from an Alpine and a Neotropical forest
论文作者
论文摘要
1。对生物多样性的无源声学监测正在迅速增长，因为它为传统的听觉点计数调查提供了替代方案，并且有可能在大型和复杂的自然环境中部署长期的声学调查。但是，仍然需要评估声音的频率和距离衰减以及环境声音水平如何影响自然环境在DIEL周期和整个季节的自然环境中的声学检测距离。这对于避免伪造并提供相关的生物多样性指标（包括物种丰富度，物种丰度和物种密度）非常重要。 2。为了解决检测距离的问题，我们在新热带雨林（法国圭亚那）和高山针叶林（法国朱拉）中测试了基于现场的方案。这种标准化且可重复的方法包括在环境声音的录制过程中直接使用沿100 m线性样带在不同位置的校准的白噪声声音进行实验，然后进行实验。然后，我们使用声学定律来揭示声音传播衰减背后的基本物理。 3。我们证明，在两种不同种类的森林中的栖息地衰减可以通过指数衰减定律进行建模，并依赖于频率和距离。我们还报告说，作为第一个近似的栖息地衰减可以通过单个值，即栖息地的衰减系数来总结。 4。最后，我们表明可以预测检测距离知道每个衰减因子的贡献，栖息地的衰减系数，环境声音压力水平以及传输声音的幅度和频率带宽特征。我们表明检测1距离大部分取决于环境声音，并且在DIEL周期和整个季节中可能会因多达5倍而异。这些结果强大了需要考虑到被动声调查并产生可靠的生物多样性指标时的检测距离变化。
1. Passive acoustic monitoring of biodiversity is growing fast, as it offers an alternative to traditional aural point count surveys, with the possibility to deploy long-term acoustic surveys in large and complex natural environments. However, there is still a clear need to evaluate how the frequency-and distancedependent attenuation of sound as well as the ambient sound level impact the acoustic detection distance of the soniferous species in natural environments over the diel cycles and across seasons. This is of great importance to avoid pseudoreplication and to provide relevant biodiversity indicators, including species richness, species abundance and species density. 2. To address the issue of detection distance, we tested a field-based protocol in a Neotropical rainforest (French Guiana, France) and in an Alpine coniferous forest (Jura, France). This standardized and repeatable method consists in a recording session of the ambient sound directly followed by an experiment using a calibrated white noise sound broadcast at different positions along a 100 m linear transect. We then used acoustic laws to reveal the basic physics behind sound propagation attenuation. 3. We demonstrate that habitat attenuation in two different kinds of forests can be modelled by an exponential decay law with a linear dependence on frequency and distance. We also report that habitat attenuation, as first approximation, can be summarized by a single value, the coefficient of attenuation of the habitat. 4. Finally, we show that the detection distance can be predicted knowing the contribution of each attenuation factor, the coefficient of attenuation of the habitat, the ambient sound pressure level and the amplitude and frequency bandwidth characteristics of the transmitted sound. We show that the detection 1 distance mostly depends on the ambient sound and may vary by a factor of up to 5 over the diel cycle and across seasons. These results reinforce the need to take into account the variation of the detection distance when performing passive acoustic surveys and producing reliable biodiversity indicators.
