论文标题

超越S曲线:技术预测的复发神​​经网络

Beyond S-curves: Recurrent Neural Networks for Technology Forecasting

论文作者

Glavackij, Alexander, David, Dimitri Percia, Mermoud, Alain, Romanou, Angelika, Aberer, Karl

论文摘要

由于技术景观具有相当大的异质性和复杂性,因此建立准确的模型以预测是一项艰巨的努力。由于它们在许多复杂系统中的高度流行,因此S曲线是以前工作中流行的预测方法。但是,他们的预测性能尚未直接与其他技术预测方法进行比较。此外,时间序列的最新发展预测声称提高预测准确性的声称尚未应用于技术开发数据。这项工作通过比较S曲线的预测性能与基线的预测性能以及开发一种采用机器学习和时间序列预测的最新进展的方法来解决这两种研究差距。 S曲线预测在很大程度上表现出与简单Arima基线相当的平均平均百分比误差(MAPE)。但是,对于少数新兴技术,MAPE增加了两个幅度。与第二好的结果相比,我们的自动编码器方法平均将MAPE提高了13.5%。它预测建立的技术的精度与其他方法相同。但是,在预测新兴技术方面,平均MAPE比下一个最佳结果低18%。我们的结果表明,对于技术预测而言,一个简单的Arima模型比S-Curve更可取。寻求更准确的预测的从业者应选择提出的自动编码器方法。

Because of the considerable heterogeneity and complexity of the technological landscape, building accurate models to forecast is a challenging endeavor. Due to their high prevalence in many complex systems, S-curves are a popular forecasting approach in previous work. However, their forecasting performance has not been directly compared to other technology forecasting approaches. Additionally, recent developments in time series forecasting that claim to improve forecasting accuracy are yet to be applied to technological development data. This work addresses both research gaps by comparing the forecasting performance of S-curves to a baseline and by developing an autencoder approach that employs recent advances in machine learning and time series forecasting. S-curves forecasts largely exhibit a mean average percentage error (MAPE) comparable to a simple ARIMA baseline. However, for a minority of emerging technologies, the MAPE increases by two magnitudes. Our autoencoder approach improves the MAPE by 13.5% on average over the second-best result. It forecasts established technologies with the same accuracy as the other approaches. However, it is especially strong at forecasting emerging technologies with a mean MAPE 18% lower than the next best result. Our results imply that a simple ARIMA model is preferable over the S-curve for technology forecasting. Practitioners looking for more accurate forecasts should opt for the presented autoencoder approach.

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