论文标题

深度神经进化可预测功能性MRI邻接矩阵的原发性脑肿瘤等级

Deep neuroevolution to predict primary brain tumor grade from functional MRI adjacency matrices

论文作者

Stember, Joseph, Jenabi, Mehrnaz, Pasquini, Luca, Peck, Kyung, Holodny, Andrei, Shalu, Hrithwik

论文摘要

MRI产生有关大脑的解剖信息,而功能性MRI(fMRI)告诉我们大脑内神经活动,包括各个区域如何相互通信。大脑内部对话的完整合唱在邻接矩阵中优雅地总结了。尽管信息丰富,但邻接矩阵通常几乎不提供直觉的方式。训练有素的放射科医生观察解剖学MRI可以很容易地区分不同种类的脑癌,但使用邻接矩阵的类似确定将超过任何专家的掌握。放射学的人工智能(AI)通常分析解剖成像,为放射学家提供帮助。对于非直觉数据类型(例如邻接矩阵),AI超出了有用的助手的作用,这是必不可少的。我们在这里寻求表明,基于邻接矩阵,AI可以学会辨别两种重要的脑肿瘤类型,即高级神经胶质瘤(HGG)和低度胶质瘤(LGG)。由于后者最近的有前途的结果,我们用深神经进化(DNE)的方法培训了卷积神经网络(CNN)。即使依靠小型和嘈杂的训练集或执行细微的任务,DNE也产生了非常准确的CNN。在仅30个邻接矩阵进行训练之后,我们的CNN可以以完美的测试套装精度告诉HGG与LGG区分开。显着地图显示,该网络学会了高度复杂且复杂的功能以取得成功。因此,我们已经表明,AI可以通过功能连通性识别脑肿瘤类型。在将来的工作中,我们将把DNE应用于其他嘈杂和某种神秘的医学数据形式,包括与fMRI进行的进一步探索。

Whereas MRI produces anatomic information about the brain, functional MRI (fMRI) tells us about neural activity within the brain, including how various regions communicate with each other. The full chorus of conversations within the brain is summarized elegantly in the adjacency matrix. Although information-rich, adjacency matrices typically provide little in the way of intuition. Whereas trained radiologists viewing anatomic MRI can readily distinguish between different kinds of brain cancer, a similar determination using adjacency matrices would exceed any expert's grasp. Artificial intelligence (AI) in radiology usually analyzes anatomic imaging, providing assistance to radiologists. For non-intuitive data types such as adjacency matrices, AI moves beyond the role of helpful assistant, emerging as indispensible. We sought here to show that AI can learn to discern between two important brain tumor types, high-grade glioma (HGG) and low-grade glioma (LGG), based on adjacency matrices. We trained a convolutional neural networks (CNN) with the method of deep neuroevolution (DNE), because of the latter's recent promising results; DNE has produced remarkably accurate CNNs even when relying on small and noisy training sets, or performing nuanced tasks. After training on just 30 adjacency matrices, our CNN could tell HGG apart from LGG with perfect testing set accuracy. Saliency maps revealed that the network learned highly sophisticated and complex features to achieve its success. Hence, we have shown that it is possible for AI to recognize brain tumor type from functional connectivity. In future work, we will apply DNE to other noisy and somewhat cryptic forms of medical data, including further explorations with fMRI.

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