论文标题
在受约束的多翼选举中,公用事业相当分配
Fairly Allocating Utility in Constrained Multiwinner Elections
论文作者
论文摘要
在不同的情况下,研究了多翼大选举中的公平性。例如,候选人的多样性和选民的代表都被单独称为公平。确保在所有此类上下文中公平性的共同点是使用约束。但是,在这些情况下,被选为满足给定限制的候选人可能会系统地导致历史上处于弱势的选民人群的不公平成果,因为公平成本可能是不平等的。因此,我们开发了一个模型来选择在选民人群中公平满足约束的候选人。为此,该模型将受约束的多翼选举问题映射到相当分配不可分割的商品的问题。我们提出了该模型的三种变体,即全局,本地化和截面。接下来,我们分析了模型的计算复杂性,并对在三种变体中的各种模型的各种设置进行了对公用事业的经验分析,并使用合成数据集和联合国对投票数据集进行了讨论辛普森悖论的影响。最后,我们讨论了工作对AI和机器学习的含义,尤其是对于使用约束来保证公平性的研究。
Fairness in multiwinner elections is studied in varying contexts. For instance, diversity of candidates and representation of voters are both separately termed as being fair. A common denominator to ensure fairness across all such contexts is the use of constraints. However, across these contexts, the candidates selected to satisfy the given constraints may systematically lead to unfair outcomes for historically disadvantaged voter populations as the cost of fairness may be borne unequally. Hence, we develop a model to select candidates that satisfy the constraints fairly across voter populations. To do so, the model maps the constrained multiwinner election problem to a problem of fairly allocating indivisible goods. We propose three variants of the model, namely, global, localized, and inter-sectional. Next, we analyze the model's computational complexity, and we present an empirical analysis of the utility traded-off across various settings of our model across the three variants and discuss the impact of Simpson's paradox using synthetic datasets and a dataset of voting at the United Nations. Finally, we discuss the implications of our work for AI and machine learning, especially for studies that use constraints to guarantee fairness.