论文标题

迈向人性化的原型,用于视觉评估图像分类模型

Towards Human-Interpretable Prototypes for Visual Assessment of Image Classification Models

论文作者

Sinhamahapatra, Poulami, Heidemann, Lena, Monnet, Maureen, Roscher, Karsten

论文摘要

解释黑盒人工智能(AI)模型是可信赖的AI的基石,也是其在安全关键应用中使用的先决条件,以便AI模型可以可靠地帮助人类做出关键决策。但是,我们不必尝试在事后解释我们的模型,而需要基于与人类相似的推理过程建立的模型,这些模型类似于人类,这些人类利用有意义的高级概念,例如形状,纹理或对象部分。学习这种概念通常受到对明确规范和注释的需求的阻碍。取而代之的是,基于原型的学习方法,例如Protopnet声称以一种无监督的方式发现视觉上有意义的原型。在这项工作中,我们提出了一组原型必须实现的属性,以实现人类分析,例如作为可靠的模型评估案例的一部分,并根据这些特性分析了这种现有方法。给出“猜测谁?”游戏,我们发现这些原型在确定的解释方面还有很长的路要走。我们通过进行一项用户研究来定量验证我们的发现,表明许多学习的原型被认为对人类的理解无用。我们讨论了现有方法中缺少的链接,并提出了潜在的现实应用程序,促使人们需要朝着真正的人性化原型迈进。

Explaining black-box Artificial Intelligence (AI) models is a cornerstone for trustworthy AI and a prerequisite for its use in safety critical applications such that AI models can reliably assist humans in critical decisions. However, instead of trying to explain our models post-hoc, we need models which are interpretable-by-design built on a reasoning process similar to humans that exploits meaningful high-level concepts such as shapes, texture or object parts. Learning such concepts is often hindered by its need for explicit specification and annotation up front. Instead, prototype-based learning approaches such as ProtoPNet claim to discover visually meaningful prototypes in an unsupervised way. In this work, we propose a set of properties that those prototypes have to fulfill to enable human analysis, e.g. as part of a reliable model assessment case, and analyse such existing methods in the light of these properties. Given a 'Guess who?' game, we find that these prototypes still have a long way ahead towards definite explanations. We quantitatively validate our findings by conducting a user study indicating that many of the learnt prototypes are not considered useful towards human understanding. We discuss about the missing links in the existing methods and present a potential real-world application motivating the need to progress towards truly human-interpretable prototypes.

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