论文标题

使用混合整数线性编程的线性电池模型开发路径计划:模拟和实验验证

Development of Linear Battery Model for Path Planning with Mixed Integer Linear Programming: Simulated and Experimental Validation

论文作者

Scott, Drew, Manyam, Satyanarayana G., Casbeer, David W., Kumar, Manish, Weintraub, Isaac E., Rothenberger, Michael J.

论文摘要

混合整数线性程序(MILP)通常用于地面和航空车的路径规划中。路径计划问题的这种表述需要线性目标函数和约束,从而限制了车辆状态跟踪的保真度。一个这样的参数是用于为车辆供电的电池的电荷状态。准确的电池状态估计需要求解非线性微分方程。该状态估计在路径计划中很重要,以确保可飞行路径,但是,当使用MILP制定路径计划问题时,这些非线性方程将无法实现。路径计划期间电池估算的准确性差会承担估计模型可行的计划路径的风险,但实际上会将电池耗尽至关键水平。为了在MILP内进行更高精度的电池估算,我们在这里提出了一个简单的线性电池模型,该模型可以预测电池电池电池的最新电荷(SOC)变化,给定功率和持续时间。该模型解释了由于施加的电气负载和电池SOC变化而导致电池电压的变化。在数值和实验测试中,提出了电池模型,然后针对替代电池模型进行测试。此外,提出的线性模型对SOC估算对解决时间的更简单的估计的影响还评估了资源约束的最短路径问题,并以两种不同的算法实现。可以看出,线性模型在电池状态估计中的性能很好,同时可以在线性程序或MILP中实现,对解决的时间的影响很小。

Mixed Integer Linear Programs (MILPs) are often used in the path planning of both ground and aerial vehicles. Such a formulation of the path planning problem requires a linear objective function and constraints, limiting the fidelity of the the tracking of vehicle states. One such parameter is the state of charge of the battery used to power the vehicle. Accurate battery state estimation requires nonlinear differential equations to be solved. This state estimation is important in path planning to ensure flyable paths, however when using MILPs to formulate the path planning problem these nonlinear equations cannot be implemented. Poor accuracy in battery estimation during the path planning runs the risk of the planned path being feasible by the estimation model but in reality will deplete the battery to a critical level. To the end of higher accuracy battery estimation within a MILP, we present here a simple linear battery model which predicts the change in state-of-charge (SOC) of a battery given a power draw and duration. This model accounts for changes in battery voltage due to applied electrical load and changes in battery SOC. The battery model is presented and then tested against alternate battery models in numerical and in experimental tests. Further, the effect the proposed linear model has over a simpler SOC estimation on the time-to-solve a resource constrained shortest path problem is also evaluated, implemented in two different algorithms. It is seen that the linear model performs well in battery state estimation while remaining implementable in a Linear Program or MILP, with little affect on the time-to-solve.

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