论文标题
线排放映射器（LEM）：探测宇宙生态系统的物理
Line Emission Mapper (LEM): Probing the physics of cosmic ecosystems
论文作者
论文摘要
线排放映射器（LEM）是2030年代的X射线探测器，它将回答宇宙结构形成的杰出问题。它还将为天体物理学的每个领域以及热物理学和行星物理学提供变革性的新观测能力。 LEM的主要目标是全面研究星系形成的物理学，包括出色的和黑洞的反馈以及带有星系中和外出的Baryonic物质的流动。这些过程最好在X射线检查中研究，并且发射线映射是该区域的紧迫需求。 LEM will use a large microcalorimeter array/IFU, covering a 30x30' field with 10" angular resolution, to map the soft X-ray line emission from objects that constitute galactic ecosystems. These include supernova remnants, star-forming regions, superbubbles, galactic outflows (such as the Fermi/eROSITA bubbles in the Milky Way and their analogs in other galaxies),银河系和其他星系中的圆形培养基，以及郊区以及超越星系和簇的范围，在0.2-2 keV带中的1-2 eV光谱分辨率都可以使这些物体从光明的距离中置于较好的距离，从而使这些较微弱的物质从这些物质上构成这些物理，这些物质是这些物理，这些物质是这些物质，这些物质是这些物理，这些物质是这些，这些物质是这些，这些物理量很小密度，化学组成对气体动力学，而LEM的主要重点是形成银河系，它将为所有类别的天体物理物体（从地球的磁层，行星和彗星）到星际介质和X射线二进制物提供变革性的能力。急剧扩展发现空间。
The Line Emission Mapper (LEM) is an X-ray Probe for the 2030s that will answer the outstanding questions of the Universe's structure formation. It will also provide transformative new observing capabilities for every area of astrophysics, and to heliophysics and planetary physics as well. LEM's main goal is a comprehensive look at the physics of galaxy formation, including stellar and black-hole feedback and flows of baryonic matter into and out of galaxies. These processes are best studied in X-rays, and emission-line mapping is the pressing need in this area. LEM will use a large microcalorimeter array/IFU, covering a 30x30' field with 10" angular resolution, to map the soft X-ray line emission from objects that constitute galactic ecosystems. These include supernova remnants, star-forming regions, superbubbles, galactic outflows (such as the Fermi/eROSITA bubbles in the Milky Way and their analogs in other galaxies), the Circumgalactic Medium in the Milky Way and other galaxies, and the Intergalactic Medium at the outskirts and beyond the confines of galaxies and clusters. LEM's 1-2 eV spectral resolution in the 0.2-2 keV band will make it possible to disentangle the faintest emission lines in those objects from the bright Milky Way foreground, providing groundbreaking measurements of the physics of these plasmas, from temperatures, densities, chemical composition to gas dynamics. While LEM's main focus is on galaxy formation, it will provide transformative capability for all classes of astrophysical objects, from the Earth's magnetosphere, planets and comets to the interstellar medium and X-ray binaries in nearby galaxies, AGN, and cooling gas in galaxy clusters. In addition to pointed observations, LEM will perform a shallow all-sky survey that will dramatically expand the discovery space.
