论文标题
部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测
Switching the function of the quantum Otto cycle in non-Markovian dynamics: heat engine, heater and heat pump
论文作者
论文摘要
量子热力学探索了新型的热力学现象，当宏观系统与微观量子量子之间的相互作用开始行动时，它们会出现。在各种问题中，尤其是量子加热发动机在量子热力学的理论表述中引起了很多关注，并通过量子资源对热量的有效利用进行了研究。在本文中，我们关注吸热和排放过程以及量子奥托周期的工作提取过程。我们将前者描述为非马克维亚动力学，从而发现宏观热浴和微观量子位之间的相互作用能量不可忽略。具体而言，我们揭示了相互作用的能量分为短相互作用时间区域中的系统和浴室，并且在较长的相互作用时间的区域中保持阴性。此外，在短相互作用时间的另一个区域发生了从系统和热水浴的相互作用能量的违反直觉的能量。我们通过在相互作用能量方面定义非马克维亚性指数来量化这些效果。通过这种相互作用能量的行为，我们表明非马克维亚量子奥托循环可以通过控制与热浴的相互作用时间来切换诸如发动机以及加热器或热泵之类的功能。特别是，如果我们缩短了相互作用的时间，则Qubit本身会失去能量，从这个意义上讲，量子位在整个周期中被冷却。该属性有可能用于冷却量子计算中的Qubit。我们还通过将工作存储作为新的储层引入工作存储，将从微观系统到像美国人类这样的宏观系统的工作提取。
Quantum thermodynamics explores novel thermodynamic phenomena that emerge when interactions between macroscopic systems and microscopic quantum ones go into action. Among various issues, quantum heat engines, in particular, have attracted much attention as a critical step in theoretical formulation of quantum thermodynamics and investigation of efficient use of heat by means of quantum resources. In the present paper, we focus on heat absorption and emission processes as well as work extraction processes of a quantum Otto cycle. We describe the former as non-Markovian dynamics, and thereby find that the interaction energy between a macroscopic heat bath and a microscopic qubit is not negligible. Specifically, we reveal that the interaction energy is divided into the system and the bath in a region of the short interaction time and remains negative in the region of the long interaction time. In addition, a counterintuitive energy flow from the system and the interaction energy to the hot bath occurs in another region of the short interaction time. We quantify these effects by defining an index of non-Markovianity in terms of the interaction energy. With this behavior of the interaction energy, we show that a non-Markovian quantum Otto cycle can switch functions such as an engine as well as a heater or a heat pump by controlling the interaction time with the heat bath. In particular, the qubit itself loses its energy if we shorten the interaction time, and in this sense, the qubit is cooled through the cycle. This property has a possibility of being utilized for cooling the qubits in quantum computing. We also describe the work extraction from the microscopic system to a macroscopic system like us humans as an indirect measurement process by introducing a work storage as a new reservoir.
