论文标题
明确地识别随机变量的值:量子与经典方法
Identifying the value of a random variable unambiguously: Quantum versus classical approaches
论文作者
论文摘要
量子资源可能比其经典同行提供优势。从理论上讲,在某些任务中,这一优势可能很高。在这项工作中,我们根据裁判介导的游戏构建了一项基于游戏的任务,并在爱丽丝和鲍勃之间扮演。裁判向爱丽丝发送随机变量的值。同时,裁判还向鲍勃发送了一些有关该值的部分信息。这里可以通过以下方式定义部分信息。鲍勃获得了一个随机集的信息,该信息必须包含变量的值,该变量由裁判发送给爱丽丝,以及其他价值。裁判不允许爱丽丝知道向鲍勃发送了哪些信息。同样,鲍勃不知道将随机变量的哪个值发送到爱丽丝。现在,只有鲍勃能够明确地识别出发送给爱丽丝的变量值,无论鲍勃收到什么信息或将哪个值发送给爱丽丝,就可以赢得游戏。但是,为了帮助鲍勃,爱丽丝根据爱丽丝和鲍勃在比赛开始之前确定的任何策略向他发送了一些有限的信息。我们表明,如果爱丽丝(Alice)发送有限的经典信息,那么在“有限的经典信息”的量子类似物中,游戏将无法赢得胜利,足以赢得游戏。因此,它建立了量子优势。我们进一步分析了游戏的几种变体,并为成功概率提供了一定的范围。此外,我们在Trine集合,相互公正的基础和这些变体的编码策略之间建立了联系。我们还讨论了量子相干性在当前情况下的作用。
Quantum resources may provide advantage over their classical counterparts. Theoretically, in certain tasks, this advantage can be very high. In this work, we construct such a task based on a game, mediated by Referee and played between Alice and Bob. Referee sends Alice a value of a random variable. At the same time, Referee also sends Bob some partial information regarding that value. Here partial information can be defined in the following way. Bob gets the information of a random set which must contain the value of the variable, that is sent to Alice by the Referee, along with other value(s). Alice is not allowed to know what information is sent to Bob by the Referee. Again, Bob does not know which value of the random variable is sent to Alice. Now, the game can be won if and only if Bob can unambiguously identify the value of the variable, that is sent to Alice, with some nonzero probability, no matter what information Bob receives or which value is sent to Alice. However, to help Bob, Alice sends some limited amount of information to him, based on any strategy which is fixed by Alice and Bob before the game begins. We show that if Alice sends limited amount of classical information then the game cannot be won while the quantum analogue of the `limited amount of classical information' is sufficient for winning the game. Thus, it establishes quantum advantage. We further analyze several variants of the game and provide certain bounds on the success probabilities. Moreover, we establish connections between trine ensemble, mutually unbiased bases, and the encoding-decoding strategies of those variants. We also discuss the role of quantum coherence in the present context.