论文标题
在存在临时或永久缺陷的情况下进行量子误差校正的自适应表面代码
Adaptive surface code for quantum error correction in the presence of temporary or permanent defects
论文作者
论文摘要
无论是在制造阶段还是在量子计算过程中，例如由于诸如宇宙射线之类的高能量事件，构成错误纠正代码的量子可能无法使用。此类缺陷可能对应于单个量子位或簇，并可能充分破坏代码以生成逻辑错误。在本文中，我们探讨了一种新型的自适应方法，用于在有缺陷的晶格上进行表面代码量子误差校正。我们表明，将适当的缺陷检测算法和确定区域的隔离区结合起来，可以保留有限代码大小的量子误差校正的优势，以量子开销的成本，以缩放缺陷的大小。我们的数字表明，代码的阈值不必受到显着影响；例如，对于在每个逻辑零件中反复出现小缺陷的某些情况，噪声阈值为$ 2.7 \％$（相反，无缺陷的情况为$ 2.9 \％$）。这些结果为不可避免的缺陷的大规模量子计算机的实验实施铺平了道路。
Whether it is at the fabrication stage or during the course of the quantum computation, e.g. because of high-energy events like cosmic rays, the qubits constituting an error correcting code may be rendered inoperable. Such defects may correspond to individual qubits or to clusters and could potentially disrupt the code sufficiently to generate logical errors. In this paper, we explore a novel adaptive approach for surface code quantum error correction on a defective lattice. We show that combining an appropriate defect detection algorithm and a quarantine of the identified zone allows one to preserve the advantage of quantum error correction at finite code sizes, at the cost of a qubit overhead that scales with the size of the defect. Our numerics indicate that the code's threshold need not be significantly affected; for example, for a certain scenario where small defects repeatedly arise in each logical qubit, the noise threshold is $2.7\%$ (versus the defect-free case of $2.9\%$). These results pave the way to the experimental implementation of large-scale quantum computers where defects will be inevitable.
