论文标题
Garfield ++和Nebem的并行化以模拟RPC中的空间电荷效应
Parallelization of Garfield++ and neBEM to simulate space charge effects in RPCs
论文作者
论文摘要
雪崩,饱和雪崩和流媒体的数值模拟可以帮助我们了解电阻板腔(RPC)的检测器物理。 3D Monte Carlo模拟了RPC内的雪崩,从雪崩到饱和雪崩的过渡可能有助于搜索最佳电压和替代气体混合物。这项任务令人生畏,尤其是当空间电荷效应变得重要时,这通常与这些设备的重要操作制度相吻合。通过动态修改RPC内部的电场,空间电荷在确定检测器的响应中起着至关重要的作用。在这项工作中,已经提出了一个数值模型来计算RPC内部的动态空间充电场,并且在Garfield ++框架中已实现了该字段。通过将空间电荷建模为大量线路电荷,并使用多线程技术OpenMP来计算电场,漂移线,电子增益和空间充电场,则可以在合理的限制内保持时间消耗。为此,在Garfield ++中引入了新的PavalancheMC。该计算已通过现有求解器的那些成功进行了验证,并提供了一个示例以显示Pavalanchemc的性能。此外,已经讨论了雪崩向饱和雪崩的过渡的细节。计算定时RPC的诱导电荷分布,并通过实验验证结果。
Numerical simulation of avalanches, saturated avalanches, and streamers can help us understand the detector physics of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC). 3D Monte Carlo simulation of an avalanche inside an RPC, the transition from avalanche to saturated avalanche to streamer may help the search for the optimum voltage and alternate gas mixtures. This task is dauntingly resource-hungry, especially when space charge effects become important, which often coincides with important regimes of operation of these devices. By modifying the electric field inside the RPC dynamically, the space charge plays a crucial role in determining the response of the detector. In this work, a numerical model has been proposed to calculate the dynamic space-charge field inside an RPC and the same has been implemented in the Garfield++ framework. By modeling space charge as the large number of line charges and using the multithreading technique OpenMP to calculate electric field, drift line, electron gain, and space charge field, it has been possible to maintain time consumption within reasonable limits. For this purpose, a new class, pAvalancheMC has been introduced in Garfield++. The calculations have been successfully verified with those from existing solvers and an example is provided to show the performance of pAvalancheMC. Moreover, the details of the transition of an avalanche into a saturated avalanche have been discussed. The induced charge distribution is calculated for a timing RPC and results are verified with the experiment.