论文标题

DRAM BENDER:一种可扩展的基于FPGA的基础架构,可轻松测试最先进的DRAM芯片

DRAM Bender: An Extensible and Versatile FPGA-based Infrastructure to Easily Test State-of-the-art DRAM Chips

论文作者

Olgun, Ataberk, Hassan, Hasan, Yağlıkçı, A. Giray, Tuğrul, Yahya Can, Orosa, Lois, Luo, Haocong, Patel, Minesh, Ergin, Oğuz, Mutlu, Onur

论文摘要

为了了解和改善DRAM性能,可靠性,安全性和能源效率,商品DRAM芯片的先前工作研究特征。不幸的是,能够进行此类研究的最先进的开源基础设施基础设施是过时的,支持或难以使用的,或者其不灵活性限制了他们可以进行的研究类型。 我们提出了DRAM Bender,这是一种新的基于FPGA的基础架构,可以对最先进的DRAM芯片进行实验研究。 DRAM Bender同时提供三个关键功能。首先,DRAM Bender可以通过其低级接口直接与DRAM芯片接口。与其他开源基础架构相比,这允许用户按任意顺序发布DRAM命令,并具有更细粒度的时间间隔。其次,DRAM BENDER暴露了易于使用的C ++和Python编程接口,从而使用户可以快速,轻松地开发不同类型的DRAM实验。第三,DRAM Bender很容易扩展。 DRAM Bender的模块化设计允许将其扩展到(i)支持现有和新兴的DRAM接口,以及(ii)在新的商业或自定义FPGA板上运行,几乎没有努力。 为了证明DRAM BENDER是一种多功能基础设施,我们进行了三个案例研究,其中两个导致了有关Dram Rowhammer脆弱性的新观察。特别是,我们表明,与先前工作常用的数据模式相比,DRAM Bender支持的数据模式在受害者行上发现了一组较大的位薄板。我们通过在DDR4和DDR3支持的五个不同的FPGA上实施DRAM Bender的可扩展性。 DRAM Bender可以在https://github.com/cmu-safari/dram-bender上自由开放。

To understand and improve DRAM performance, reliability, security and energy efficiency, prior works study characteristics of commodity DRAM chips. Unfortunately, state-of-the-art open source infrastructures capable of conducting such studies are obsolete, poorly supported, or difficult to use, or their inflexibility limit the types of studies they can conduct. We propose DRAM Bender, a new FPGA-based infrastructure that enables experimental studies on state-of-the-art DRAM chips. DRAM Bender offers three key features at the same time. First, DRAM Bender enables directly interfacing with a DRAM chip through its low-level interface. This allows users to issue DRAM commands in arbitrary order and with finer-grained time intervals compared to other open source infrastructures. Second, DRAM Bender exposes easy-to-use C++ and Python programming interfaces, allowing users to quickly and easily develop different types of DRAM experiments. Third, DRAM Bender is easily extensible. The modular design of DRAM Bender allows extending it to (i) support existing and emerging DRAM interfaces, and (ii) run on new commercial or custom FPGA boards with little effort. To demonstrate that DRAM Bender is a versatile infrastructure, we conduct three case studies, two of which lead to new observations about the DRAM RowHammer vulnerability. In particular, we show that data patterns supported by DRAM Bender uncovers a larger set of bit-flips on a victim row compared to the data patterns commonly used by prior work. We demonstrate the extensibility of DRAM Bender by implementing it on five different FPGAs with DDR4 and DDR3 support. DRAM Bender is freely and openly available at https://github.com/CMU-SAFARI/DRAM-Bender.

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