论文标题
部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测
Decoherence of a 2-Path System by Infrared Photons
论文作者
论文摘要
我们计算了通过干涉仪传播的带电粒子的光子发射引起的破坏。反应率对电磁场获得了多少“哪个路径”量子信息提供了定量度量。我们隔离了前导和子领先的软光子的量子信息含量，并表明它可以完全从有关粒子路径端点的信息中提取。当红外敷料用于治疗理论中的红外差异时，领先的订单软光子就不会对变质产生任何贡献，也没有携带量子信息。相比之下，子领先的软光子可以带有有限的路径信息，而对谐波的子领先贡献仅取决于干涉仪的大小，以极为简单，独立的形式。一个有趣的开放问题是是否还应按照次级领域的顺序应用敷料；我们讨论了实验回答这个问题的可能性。
We calculate the decoherence caused by photon emission for a charged particle travelling through an interferometer; the decoherence rate gives a quantitative measure of how much "which-path" quantum information is gained by the electromagnetic field. We isolate the quantum information content of both leading and sub-leading soft photons, and show that it can be extracted entirely from information about the endpoints of the particle's paths. When infrared dressing is used to cure the infrared divergences in the theory, the leading order soft photons then give no contribution to decoherence, and carry no quantum information. The sub-leading soft photons in contrast may carry finite which-path information, and the sub-leading contribution to decoherence takes an extremely simple, time-independent form depending only on the size of the interferometer. An interesting open question is whether or not dressing should also be applied at sub-leading order; we discuss the possibility of answering this question experimentally.
