论文标题
GBS量子计算机的验证测试提供了具有脱位目标的量子优势的证据
Validation tests of GBS quantum computers give evidence for quantum advantage with a decoherent target
论文作者
论文摘要
计算验证对于所有大型量子计算机至关重要。一个需要快速准确的计算机。在这里,我们将精确的,可扩展的高阶统计测试应用于声称量子计算优势的大型高斯玻色子采样(GBS)量子计算机的数据。这些测试可用于验证此类技术的输出结果。我们的方法允许研究准确性和量子优势。以前尚未对此类问题进行详细研究。我们的高度可扩展技术也适用于线性玻色粒网络的其他应用。我们利用分组计数概率(GCP)的正P相空间模拟作为验证多模式数据的指纹。由于采样误差要低得多,这比其他相位空间方法高效。我们从指数级的许多高阶,分组的计数测试中随机生成测试。这些都可以有效地测量和模拟,提供一种很难经典复制的量子验证方法。我们将理论与144通道GBS实验进行了详细的比较,包括分组相关性,直至最大的阶段。我们展示了如何反驳伪造的数据,并将其应用于经典计数算法。有多种距离度量可以评估分布的忠诚度和计算复杂性。我们计算这些并解释它们。数据最适合数据是一个部分热效的高斯模型,它既不是理想的情况,也不是提供经典计算计数的模型。即使使用此模型,也从某些$χ^2 $测试中观察到$ z> 100 $的差异,这表明可能参数估计错误。总数分布比经典模型更接近热量子模型,这给出了与修改目标问题的量子计算优势一致的证据。
Computational validation is vital for all large-scale quantum computers. One needs computers that are both fast and accurate. Here we apply precise, scalable, high order statistical tests to data from large Gaussian boson sampling (GBS) quantum computers that claim quantum computational advantage. These tests can be used to validate the output results for such technologies. Our method allows investigation of accuracy as well as quantum advantage. Such issues have not been investigated in detail before. Our highly scalable technique is also applicable to other applications of linear bosonic networks. We utilize positive-P phase-space simulations of grouped count probabilities (GCP) as a fingerprint for verifying multi-mode data. This is exponentially more efficient than other phase-space methods, due to much lower sampling errors. We randomly generate tests from exponentially many high-order, grouped count tests. Each of these can be efficiently measured and simulated, providing a quantum verification method that is hard to replicate classically. We give a detailed comparison of theory with a 144-channel GBS experiment, including grouped correlations up to the largest order measured. We show how one can disprove faked data, and apply this to a classical count algorithm. There are multiple distance measures for evaluating the fidelity and computational complexity of a distribution. We compute these and explain them. The best fit to the data is a partly thermalized Gaussian model, which is neither the ideal case, nor the model that gives classically computable counts. Even with this model, discrepancies of $Z>100$ were observed from some $χ^2$ tests, indicating likely parameter estimation errors. Total count distributions were much closer to a thermalized quantum model than the classical model, giving evidence consistent with quantum computational advantage for a modified target problem.