论文标题
量子时间扩张的通用性
Universality of quantum time dilation
论文作者
论文摘要
时间扩张是两个时钟之间测得的时间的差异，两个时钟以不同的速度移动或经历不同的重力电位。这两种影响都源于相对论，通常与经典定义的轨迹相关，其特征是位置，动量和加速度。但是，当以量子方式处理空间自由度，并允许时钟处于两个矩或两个高度的连贯叠加时，出现了对经典时间扩张的额外量子校正，分别称为运动学和重力量子时间膨胀。我们表明，与其经典对应物类似，运动量子时间扩张对于任何时钟机制都是通用的，而重力量子时间扩张却不是。我们还表明，尽管这两种效应都降低了不同经典时间扩张贡献的不连贯的平均值，但仍存在额外的量子时间扩张效应，没有经典的类似物，并且可以从高阶校正到系统的汉密尔顿。
Time dilation is a difference in measured time between two clocks that either move with different velocities or experience different gravitational potentials. Both of these effects stem from the theory of relativity and are usually associated with classically defined trajectories, characterized by position, momentum, and acceleration. However, when spatial degrees of freedom are treated in a quantum way and a clock is allowed to be in a coherent superposition of either two momenta or two heights, additional quantum corrections to classical time dilation appear, called kinematic and gravitational quantum time dilations, respectively. We show that similarly to its classical counterpart, kinematic quantum time dilation is universal for any clock mechanism, while gravitational quantum time dilation is not. We also show that although both of these effects reduce to incoherent averaging of different classical time dilation contributions, there exists an additional quantum time dilation effect that has no classical analog and can be extracted from higher-order corrections to the system's Hamiltonian.
