论文标题
以太坊的审查证明
Ethereum Proof-of-Stake under Scrutiny
论文作者
论文摘要
以太坊经历了最近的一种称为\ textit {the Merge}的变化，该更改使以太坊成为了综合区块链，转移到BFT共识。以太坊希望在两种协议设计（BFT和Nakomoto风格）中保持最佳状态，现在具有令人费解的共识协议作为其核心。结果是一个可能以树状形式生产的区块链，而参与者试图最终确定区块。我们将不同的攻击列为危害协议的失落性。以太坊社区通过针对其中一些人创建补丁做出了回应。我们发现了对修补协议的新攻击。为了支持我们的分析，我们提出了一个新的高级形式化，以对以太坊区块链的易感性和可用性，并提供伪代码。我们认为，这种形式化也有助于其他分析。我们的结果表明，以太坊验证验证证明具有安全性，但仅具有概率的livesice。 Livices的概率受到描述允许验证者改变当前主链的主意的时间范围的参数。
Ethereum has undergone a recent change called \textit{the Merge}, which made Ethereum a Proof-of-Stake blockchain, shifting closer to BFT consensus. Ethereum, which wished to keep the best of the two protocol designs (BFT and Nakomoto-style), now has a convoluted consensus protocol as its core. The result is a blockchain being possibly produced in a tree-like form while participants try to finalize blocks. We categorize different attacks jeopardizing the liveness of the protocol. The Ethereum community has responded by creating patches against some of them. We discovered a new attack on the patched protocol. To support our analysis, we propose a new high-level formalization of the properties of liveness and availability of the Ethereum blockchain, and we provide a pseudo-code. We believe this formalization to be helpful for other analyses as well. Our results yield that the Ethereum Proof-of-Stake has safety but only probabilistic liveness. The probability of the liveness is influenced by the parameter describing the time frame allowed for validators to change their mind about the current main chain.
