论文标题
温度和速率影响生物材料的损伤和腐烂
Temperature and rate effects in damage and decohesion of biological materials
论文作者
论文摘要
生物学材料的令人难以置信的热机械特性是由微观量表引起的，这是由于复杂的分层机制，该机制受到分子水平的微生态调节。 SMFS实验的出现以及在最低尺度上正确模仿其行为的可能性都允许对这种复杂结构的描述。在本论文中，引入了不同类别的模型，以描述在不同条件下，在施加力和位移，热场和加载速率的情况下，相变，破裂和损害的重要特征。此外，在统计力学框架内，还考虑了温度效应，包括加载速率。已经对不同现象进行了分析，例如处理装置在蛋白质展开中的影响，纳米线中的相位界面的成核和相位界面的成核或双链链中弱相互作用的合作性，例如在Microtubules和Microtubules和Tau蛋白内神经元轴突内部的DNA或TAU的捆绑中。将论文中获得的结果与广泛文献综述的证据以及所描述的系统的实验行为进行了比较。
The incredible thermo-mechanical properties of biological materials arise from the microscopic scale due to a complex hierarchical mechanism, regulated by microinstabilities at the molecular level. The description of such complex structures is allowed by both the know-how introduced by the advent of SMFS experiments and the possibility of correctly mimicking their behaviour at the lowest scales. In this thesis, different classes of models with non convex-energies are introduced to describe the important features of phase transition, decohesion and damage under different conditions of applied forces and displacement, thermal fields and rates of loading. Moreover, within a Statistical Mechanics framework, temperature effects are considered also including the rate of loading. Different phenomena have been analyzed such as the effect of the handling device in protein unfolding, the nucleation and generation of phase interfaces in nanowires or the cooperativity of weak interactions in double stranded chains, as in the case of the DNA or the bundles of microtubules and tau proteins inside the neuronal axons. The results obtained in the thesis are compared to pieces of evidence from an extensive literature review and to the experimental behaviours of the systems described.
