论文标题
在人类评估中寻找更高的权力
Searching for a higher power in the human evaluation of MT
论文作者
论文摘要
在MT评估中,进行成对比较以识别更好的系统。在进行比较时,实验者必须分配预算才能收集直接评估(DA)判断。我们提供了一种花费有效的方式来花费预算,但表明典型的预算规模通常不允许进行扎实的比较。从稳定比较的基础上取得统计学意义的观点,我们研究了大量成对DA比较的功率(实现显着性的速度)。由于统计估计的性质,分化小于1-2个DA点的功率较低,并且要获得显着增加的功率需要至少2-3倍的样本。仅应用方差降低不会带来这些收益,因此我们必须面对无法检测到的差异和支出增加的现实。在这种情况下,我们提出了临时测试,这是一种“早期停止”的收集程序,每次收集的判断力都会产生更多的权力,从而将预算侧重于临界重大的对。当当前预算花费3倍时,临时测试最多可获得27%的效率增长,或以当前的评估能力节省18%。
In MT evaluation, pairwise comparisons are conducted to identify the better system. In conducting the comparison, the experimenter must allocate a budget to collect Direct Assessment (DA) judgments. We provide a cost effective way to spend the budget, but show that typical budget sizes often do not allow for solid comparison. Taking the perspective that the basis of solid comparison is in achieving statistical significance, we study the power (rate of achieving significance) on a large collection of pairwise DA comparisons. Due to the nature of statistical estimation, power is low for differentiating less than 1-2 DA points, and to achieve a notable increase in power requires at least 2-3x more samples. Applying variance reduction alone will not yield these gains, so we must face the reality of undetectable differences and spending increases. In this context, we propose interim testing, an "early stopping" collection procedure that yields more power per judgment collected, which adaptively focuses the budget on pairs that are borderline significant. Interim testing can achieve up to a 27% efficiency gain when spending 3x the current budget, or 18% savings at the current evaluation power.