论文标题
延迟选择量子橡皮擦和爱因斯坦 - 波多尔斯基 - 罗森悖论
Delayed-choice quantum erasers and the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox
论文作者
论文摘要
考虑到使用非对称梁分离器的马赫齐汉（Mach-Zhhnder）干涉仪的延迟选择量子擦除器，我们明确地证明了它与爱因斯坦 - 波多尔斯基 - 罗森·波（EPR-BOHM）实验具有完全相同的形式结构。因此，可以从标准的EPR相关性来理解量子擦除的效果。然而，如果考虑到反事实推理，量子橡皮擦仍然超出了标准EPR悖论以外的概念问题。此外，量子橡皮擦实验可以分为两个主要类别：纠缠量子橡皮擦和scully-drühl-type量子橡皮擦。这两种类型在正式上等同于彼此，但是从概念上讲，后者提出了比前者更突出的“神秘”。在Scully-Drühl-type量子橡皮擦中，可以说，哪种信息可以受到延迟选择测量的影响并不纯粹是反事实推理的结果，而是具有一定的事实意义。因此，如果要产生结论性结果的潜力来歧视记录，则说明哪个信息信息的“记录”将被“删除”，这是很有意义的。我们还重新考虑了许多世界解释（MWI）中的量子橡皮擦，清楚地表明了MWI的概念优点和缺点。
Considering the delayed-choice quantum eraser using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a nonsymmetric beam splitter, we explicitly demonstrate that it shares exactly the same formal structure with the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm (EPR-Bohm) experiment. Therefore, the effect of quantum erasure can be understood in terms of the standard EPR correlation. Nevertheless, the quantum eraser still raises a conceptual issue beyond the standard EPR paradox, if counterfactual reasoning is taken into account. Furthermore, the quantum eraser experiments can be classified into two major categories: the entanglement quantum eraser and the Scully-Drühl-type quantum eraser. These two types are formally equivalent to each other, but conceptually the latter presents a "mystery" more prominent than the former. In the Scully-Drühl-type quantum eraser, the statement that the which-way information can be influenced by the delayed-choice measurement is not purely a consequence of counterfactual reasoning but bears some factual significance. Accordingly, it makes good sense to say that the "record" of the which-way information is "erased" if the potentiality to yield a conclusive outcome that discriminates the record is eliminated by the delayed-choice measurement. We also reconsider the quantum eraser in the many-worlds interpretation (MWI), making clear the conceptual merits and demerits of the MWI.
