论文标题
Sealclub：计算机辅助纸质文件身份验证
SealClub: Computer-aided Paper Document Authentication
论文作者
论文摘要
数字身份验证是一个成熟的领域，提供了一系列具有严格数学保证的解决方案。然而，由于可用性和法律原因，纸质文档（不直接适用）仍然被广泛使用。我们提出了一种新颖的方法，通过拍摄智能手机的简短视频来验证纸质文档。我们的解决方案结合了加密和图像比较技术，以检测并突出对包含文本和图形的丰富文档的微妙的语义变化攻击，这些攻击可能不会被人类引起的注意。我们严格地分析了我们的方法，证明它可以防止能够损害不同系统组件的强大对手。我们还在一组128个纸质文档视频中以经验来衡量其准确性，其中一半包含微妙的伪造。我们的算法平均分析5.13帧（对应于1.28秒的视频）后，准确地找到了所有伪造（无误报）。突出显示的区域足够大，可以看到用户可见，但足够小，可以精确找到伪造。因此，我们的方法为用户提供了一种有希望的方法，可以在现实条件下使用常规智能手机对纸质文档进行身份验证。
Digital authentication is a mature field, offering a range of solutions with rigorous mathematical guarantees. Nevertheless, paper documents, where cryptographic techniques are not directly applicable, are still widely utilized due to usability and legal reasons. We propose a novel approach to authenticating paper documents using smartphones by taking short videos of them. Our solution combines cryptographic and image comparison techniques to detect and highlight subtle semantic-changing attacks on rich documents, containing text and graphics, that could go unnoticed by humans. We rigorously analyze our approach, proving that it is secure against strong adversaries capable of compromising different system components. We also measure its accuracy empirically on a set of 128 videos of paper documents, half containing subtle forgeries. Our algorithm finds all forgeries accurately (no false alarms) after analyzing 5.13 frames on average (corresponding to 1.28 seconds of video). Highlighted regions are large enough to be visible to users, but small enough to precisely locate forgeries. Thus, our approach provides a promising way for users to authenticate paper documents using conventional smartphones under realistic conditions.
