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Spurious correlations can cause strong biases in deep neural networks, impairing generalization ability. While most existing debiasing methods require full supervision on either spurious attributes or target labels, training a debiased model from a limited amount of both annotations is still an open question. To address this issue, we investigate an interesting phenomenon using the spectral analysis of latent representations: spuriously correlated attributes make neural networks inductively biased towards encoding lower effective rank representations. We also show that a rank regularization can amplify this bias in a way that encourages highly correlated features. Leveraging these findings, we propose a self-supervised debiasing framework potentially compatible with unlabeled samples. Specifically, we first pretrain a biased encoder in a self-supervised manner with the rank regularization, serving as a semantic bottleneck to enforce the encoder to learn the spuriously correlated attributes. This biased encoder is then used to discover and upweight bias-conflicting samples in a downstream task, serving as a boosting to effectively debias the main model. Remarkably, the proposed debiasing framework significantly improves the generalization performance of self-supervised learning baselines and, in some cases, even outperforms state-of-the-art supervised debiasing approaches.