论文标题
Arnold的$ J^+$ - 不变的简介
Introduction to Arnold's $J^+$-Invariant
论文作者
论文摘要
我们探索Arnold的$ J^+$ - 沉浸式不变 - 平面平滑的封闭曲线，具有非呈现衍生物，最多只能双点，而唯一的横向相交 - 以及Viro的总和等计算方法等。仅需要基本的本科数学才能了解此入门论文的内容以及我们所需的所有所需的内容。包括示例，练习和解决方案进行练习。
We explore Arnold's $J^+$-invariant of immersions -- planar smooth closed curves with non-vanishing derivative, at most double points and only transverse intersections -- and computation methods like Viro's sum, among others. Only basic undergraduate mathematics is needed to understand the contents of this introductory paper and everything we need that is above that is recalled or introduced. Examples, exercises and solutions are included for practice.
