论文标题

超质量空间

Ultra-massive spacetimes

论文作者

Senovilla, José M. M.

论文摘要

正宇宙常数$λ> 0 $设置了封闭黑洞(BH)的边缘未来捕获表面区域的上限。这是否意味着BH的质量不能超过相应的极限?我分析了一些简单的球形对称模型,其中动态范围内的区域不断获得质量能量,以便最终超越了$λ$的限制。这表明,黑洞适当地将其传输到崩溃的宇宙中,并且没有观察者将永远到达无限,这与事件范围和“宇宙学范围”一起脱离。包含动态视野的区域不能受到绝大多数时空的因果影响,它的过去只是整个空间无限的时空的有限部分。因此,出现了一种新型的地平线,但是现在相对于过去的零无穷大:所有边缘捕获的球的过去边界,尤其包含一个最大面积$4π/λ$。奇异性是普遍的,并且主要延伸到崩溃的问题之外。最终的空间模型证明是不可扩展的和全球双曲线的。值得注意的是,如果$λ$消失,它们不可能存在。鉴于从宇宙学观察值中得出的$λ$的公认值,这种超质量对象将需要包含{\ it可观察的}宇宙的总{\ it}质量的很大一部分。

A positive cosmological constant $Λ>0$ sets an upper limit for the area of marginally future-trapped surfaces enclosing a black hole (BH). Does this mean that the mass of the BH cannot increase beyond the corresponding limit? I analyze some simple spherically symmetric models where regions within a dynamical horizon keep gaining mass-energy so that eventually the $Λ$ limit is surpassed. This shows that the black hole proper transmutes into a collapsing universe, and no observers will ever reach infinity, which dematerializes together with the event horizon and the `cosmological horizon'. The region containing the dynamical horizon cannot be causally influenced by the vast majority of the spacetime, its past being just a finite portion of the total, spatially infinite, spacetime. Thereby, a new type of horizon arises, but now relative to past null infinity: the boundary of the past of all marginally trapped spheres, which contains in particular one with the maximum area $4π/Λ$. The singularity is universal and extends mostly outside the collapsing matter. The resulting spacetimes models turn out to be inextendible and globally hyperbolic. It is remarkable that they cannot exist if $Λ$ vanishes. Given the accepted value of $Λ$ deduced from cosmological observations, such ultra-massive objects will need to contain a substantial portion of the total {\it present} mass of the {\it observable} Universe.

扫码加入交流群

加入微信交流群

微信交流群二维码

扫码加入学术交流群,获取更多资源