论文标题
HD 23472：一个具有三个超级毕业生和两个潜在超核的多行星系统
HD 23472: A multi-planetary system with three super-Earths and two potential super-Mercuries
论文作者
论文摘要
我们报告了由五个绕k-dwarf HD 〜23472（TOI-174）组成的多行星系统的表征。除了先前确认的两个超伊斯兰国外，我们还使用浓缩咖啡径向速度观测来确认并表征系统中三个地球大小的行星。 The planets of this compact system have periods of $P_d \sim 3.98\,$, $P_e \sim 7.90\,$, $P_f \sim 12.16\,$, $P_b \sim 17.67,\,$ and $P_c \sim 29.80\,$days and radii of $R_d \sim 0.75\,$ , $R_e \sim 0.82，$，$ r_f \ sim 1.13 \，$，$ r_b \ sim 2.01，\，$和，$ r_c \ sim 1.85 \，$ \ hindth。由于其尺寸很小，它靠近行星D的过境以及与行星D的紧密共鸣，直到最近才发现了行星E。行星质量估计为$ m_d = 0.54 \ pm0.22 $，$ m_e = 0.76 \ pm0.30 $，$ m_f = 0.64 _ { - 0.39}^{+0.46} $，$ m_b，$ m_b = 8.42 3.37 _ { - 0.87}^{+0.92} $ \ mearth。这些行星是最轻的行星之一，使用径向速度方法测量质量，证明了浓缩咖啡光谱仪的很高精度。我们估计了系统的五个行星的组成，发现它们的气体和水质量分数随着恒星距离而增加，这表明该系统是通过辐射塑造的。两个内行星的高密度（$ρ_d= 7.5 _ { - 3.1}^{+3.9} $和$ρ_e= 7.5 _ { - 3.0}^{+3.9}^{+3.9} \，\ Mathrm {g.cm^{ - 3}} $）表明它们可能是超级墨西群。这是由行星内部结构的建模所支持的，这也表明，如果确认系统中存在两个超核，这三个最外面的行星具有重要的水或气体含量，则该系统将是唯一一个具有两个超级麦克服的系统，使其成为超级诸如超级诸如超级旧形成理论的出色测试床。 （简略）
We report the characterisation of a multi-planetary system composed of five exoplanets orbiting the K-dwarf HD~23472 (TOI-174). In addition to the two super-Earths that were previously confirmed, we confirm and characterise three Earth-size planets in the system using ESPRESSO radial velocity observations. The planets of this compact system have periods of $P_d \sim 3.98\,$, $P_e \sim 7.90\,$, $P_f \sim 12.16\,$, $P_b \sim 17.67,\,$ and $P_c \sim 29.80\,$days and radii of $R_d \sim 0.75\,$ , $R_e \sim 0.82,$, $R_f \sim 1.13\,$, $R_b \sim 2.01,\,$ and, $R_c \sim 1.85\,$ \REarth. Because of its small size, its proximity to planet d's transit, and close resonance with planet d, planet e was only recently found. The planetary masses were estimated to be $M_d =0.54\pm0.22$, $M_e =0.76\pm0.30$, $M_f =0.64_{-0.39}^{+0.46}$, $M_b = 8.42_{-0.84}^{+0.83}$, and $M_c = 3.37_{-0.87}^{+0.92}$ \MEarth. These planets are among the lightest planets, with masses measured using the radial velocity method, demonstrating the very high precision of the ESPRESSO spectrograph. We estimated the composition of the system's five planets and found that their gas and water mass fractions increase with stellar distance, suggesting that the system was shaped by irradiation. The high density of the two inner planets ($ρ_d = 7.5_{-3.1}^{+3.9}$ and $ρ_e = 7.5_{-3.0}^{+3.9}\, \mathrm{g.cm^{-3}}$) indicates that they are likely to be super-Mercuries. This is supported by the modelling of the internal structures of the planets, which also suggests that the three outermost planets have significant water or gas content If the existence of two super-Mercuries in the system is confirmed, this system will be the only one known to feature two super-Mercuries, making it an excellent testing bed for theories of super-Mercuries formation. (Abridged)
