论文标题
单项NFT拍卖机制设计的框架
A Framework for Single-Item NFT Auction Mechanism Design
论文作者
论文摘要
最近,不可杀死的代币(NFTS),即区块链上独特的可辨认资产,通过向广泛的受众群体讲话,在受欢迎程度上飙升。但是,典型的NFT拍卖过程是以各种临时方式进行的,同时大多忽略了区块链提供的上下文。这项工作的主要目标之一是阐明NFT拍卖机制的大量未开发的设计空间,尤其是在与传统和更同时的拍卖形式不同的特征中。我们专注于竞标者对拍卖的NFT的估值,即我们称为单项NFT拍卖案例的估值。在这种情况下,我们正式定义了NFT拍卖机制,提供了理想情况下的特性,就像满足的完美机制(广泛称为激励兼容性和勾结抗性),并证明不可能拥有如此完美的机制。即使我们不能拥有这样的全能协议,我们仍继续考虑那些我们可能希望满足协议的财产的放松概念,这是可实施性和经济保证之间的权衡。具体而言,我们定义了平衡真实拍卖的概念,只要反对派恰好采取真实的行动,卖方和竞标者都无法通过不可能采取行动来改善其实用性。我们还定义了渐近的二价拍卖,与理论上(静态的)第二价格密封竞标拍卖相比,卖方不会渐近地损失任何收入,如果竞标者的估值是独立于某些分布的。我们展示了为什么这两个是可以享受拍卖机制的非常理想的特性,并构建了首个已知的NFT拍卖机制,该机制可证明具有正式的保证。
Lately, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), i.e., uniquely discernible assets on a blockchain, have skyrocketed in popularity by addressing a broad audience. However, the typical NFT auctioning procedures are conducted in various, ad hoc ways, while mostly ignoring the context that the blockchain provides. One of the main targets of this work is to shed light on the vastly unexplored design space of NFT Auction Mechanisms, especially in those characteristics that fundamentally differ from traditional and more contemporaneous forms of auctions. We focus on the case that bidders have a valuation for the auctioned NFT, i.e., what we term the single-item NFT auction case. In this setting, we formally define an NFT Auction Mechanism, give the properties that we would ideally like a perfect mechanism to satisfy (broadly known as incentive compatibility and collusion resistance) and prove that it is impossible to have such a perfect mechanism. Even though we cannot have an all-powerful protocol like that, we move on to consider relaxed notions of those properties that we may desire the protocol to satisfy, as a trade-off between implementability and economic guarantees. Specifically, we define the notion of an equilibrium-truthful auction, where neither the seller nor the bidders can improve their utility by acting non-truthfully, so long as the counter-party acts truthfully. We also define asymptotically second-price auctions, in which the seller does not lose asymptotically any revenue in comparison to the theoretically-optimal (static) second-price sealed-bid auction, in the case that the bidders' valuations are drawn independently from some distribution. We showcase why these two are very desirable properties for an auction mechanism to enjoy, and construct the first known NFT Auction Mechanism which provably possesses such formal guarantees.