论文标题
对继承的异质收入回应:挪威的新事件研究证据
Heterogeneous earning responses to inheritance: new event-study evidence from Norway
论文作者
论文摘要
长期以来,人们一直认为继承,尤其是大型继承者对继承者的劳动供应产生负面影响。使用挪威注册表数据,我研究了继承引起的继承者工资和职业收入下降。与先前的研究相反,我的估计使继承对劳动力供应的动态效应在继承者队列之间变化。采用的估计方法和25年的面板数据使追踪至少20年的效果的动态是可能的,这是先前研究的研究期的两倍。由于样本中的所有观察结果都是继承者,因此我避免了使用非胚胎作为对照的研究产生的选择问题。我发现,大量的父母继承(超过一百万挪威语Kroner)最多将年工资和职业收入减少4.3%,大约是先前确定的减少的一半。效应的大小随遗传的大小而增加。尽管遗传可能会因过大的遗产而抑制企业家,但大遗产也增加了自雇的可能性超过1%。遗传效应持续长达10年,并且在性别和年龄段之间是异质的。男性继承人更有可能在接受转移后减少劳动力供应。年轻的继承人更有可能是自雇人士,因此,从长远来看,其年度职业收入受到继承的影响较小。对于很小的年轻,从祖父母那里继承了大量财富,他们获得后教育的可能性下降了2%。
It has long been assumed that inheritances, particularly large ones, have a negative effect on the labor supply of inheritors. Using Norwegian registry data, I examine the inheritance-induced decline in inheritors' wages and occupational income. In contrast to prior research, my estimates allow the dynamic effect of inheritances on labor supply to vary among inheritor cohorts. The estimation approach adopted and the 25-year long panel data make it possible to trace the dynamics of the effect for at least 20 years, which is twice as long as the study period in previous studies. Since all observations in the sample are inheritors, I avoid the selection problem arising in studies employing non-inheritors as controls. I find that large parental inheritances (more than one million Norwegian kroner) reduce annual wage and occupational income by, at most, 4.3%, which is about half the decrease previously identified. The magnitude of the effect increases with the size of the inheritance. Large inheritances also increase the probability of being self-employed by more than 1%, although entrepreneurship may be dampened by inheritances that are excessively large. The inheritance effect lasts for up to 10 years and is heterogeneous across sexes and age groups. Male heirs are more likely to reduce their labor supply after receiving the transfer. Young heirs are more likely to be self-employed, and their annual occupational income is, therefore, less affected by inheritances in the long run; for the very young inheriting large amounts of wealth from their grandparents, the probability of their attaining a post-secondary education declines by 2%.