论文标题

结合行为树的堆栈方法:机器人控制的新框架

A Stack-of-Tasks Approach Combined with Behavior Trees: a New Framework for Robot Control

论文作者

Domínguez, David Cáceres, Iannotta, Marco, Stork, Johannes A., Schaffernicht, Erik, Stoyanov, Todor

论文摘要

任务(SOT)控件允许机器人同时实现根据错误空间中(在)平等约束方面提出的许多优先目标。由于此方法在每个时间步骤求解了一系列二次程序(QP),而无需考虑任何时间状态的演变,因此适用于处理局部干扰。但是,它的限制在于处理需要非二次目标才能实现特定目标的情况,以及应对控制干扰的情况,需要在本地进行次优的行动。最近的工作通过利用有限状态机器(FSM)来解决这一缺点,以使机器人不会被卡在本地最小值的方式中。然而,反应性和模块化之间的内在折衷是FSM的表征使它们在动态环境中定义反应性行为不切实际。在这封信中,我们将SOT控制策略与行为树(BTS)相结合,该任务切换结构在反应性,模块化和可重复使用方面解决了FSM的某些局限性。 Franka Emika Panda 7-DOF操纵器的实验结果显示了我们框架的鲁棒性,该框架使机器人可以从SOT和BTS的反应性中受益。

Stack-of-Tasks (SoT) control allows a robot to simultaneously fulfill a number of prioritized goals formulated in terms of (in)equality constraints in error space. Since this approach solves a sequence of Quadratic Programs (QP) at each time-step, without taking into account any temporal state evolution, it is suitable for dealing with local disturbances. However, its limitation lies in the handling of situations that require non-quadratic objectives to achieve a specific goal, as well as situations where countering the control disturbance would require a locally suboptimal action. Recent works address this shortcoming by exploiting Finite State Machines (FSMs) to compose the tasks in such a way that the robot does not get stuck in local minima. Nevertheless, the intrinsic trade-off between reactivity and modularity that characterizes FSMs makes them impractical for defining reactive behaviors in dynamic environments. In this letter, we combine the SoT control strategy with Behavior Trees (BTs), a task switching structure that addresses some of the limitations of the FSMs in terms of reactivity, modularity and re-usability. Experimental results on a Franka Emika Panda 7-DOF manipulator show the robustness of our framework, that allows the robot to benefit from the reactivity of both SoT and BTs.

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