论文标题
宇宙学相变和重力波的无希格斯
Higgsless simulations of cosmological phase transitions and gravitational waves
论文作者
论文摘要
早期宇宙源声波中的一阶宇宙学相变，随后是随机引力波的背景。当前，对这些引力波的预测在很大程度上取决于对早期宇宙等离子体的希格斯场的模拟，前者提供了相变的潜热。从数值上讲，这是一个苛刻的任务，因为几个长度尺度输入了动力学。从最小到最大，这些都是希格斯界面的厚度，分隔了不同的相位，声波的壳厚度和平均气泡尺寸。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种在三个维度上执行无与伦比的模拟的方法，从而产生了完全非线性的结果，同时从晶格中删除了层次上最小的比例。这大大降低了问题的复杂性，并有助于使我们的方法高效。我们为产生的引力波提供了光谱，以选择各种壁速度和相变强度的选择，并引入光谱形状的拟合函数。
First-order cosmological phase transitions in the early Universe source sound waves and, subsequently, a background of stochastic gravitational waves. Currently, predictions of these gravitational waves rely heavily on simulations of a Higgs field coupled to the plasma of the early Universe, the former providing the latent heat of the phase transition. Numerically, this is a rather demanding task since several length scales enter the dynamics. From smallest to largest, these are the thickness of the Higgs interface separating the different phases, the shell thickness of the sound waves, and the average bubble size. In this work, we present an approach to perform Higgsless simulations in three dimensions, producing fully nonlinear results, while at the same time removing the hierarchically smallest scale from the lattice. This significantly reduces the complexity of the problem and contributes to making our approach highly efficient. We provide spectra for the produced gravitational waves for various choices of wall velocity and strength of the phase transition, as well as introduce a fitting function for the spectral shape.
