论文标题

热离子化星云的重组:V4334 SGR周围的旧行星星云(Sakurai的Star)

Recombination of hot ionized nebulae: The old planetary nebula around V4334 Sgr (Sakurai's star)

论文作者

Reichel, Martin, Kimeswenger, Stefan, van Hoof, Peter A. M., Zijlstra, Albert A., Barria, Daniela, Hajduk, Marcin, Van de Steene, Griet C., Tafoya, Daniel

论文摘要

离子化后,低密度的天体等离子体将开始缓慢重组的过程。为此,模型仍然具有重大的不确定性。通常无法分离重组,因为电离遵循电离源的进化时间尺度。由于所需的很长的时间尺度,实验室实验无法达到适当的条件。非常晚的氦闪光(VLTP)恒星V4334 SGR周围的延伸星云为这类研究提供了独特的实验室。 VLTP事件发生后电离紫外线辐射的突然损失使星云重组摆脱了其他影响。在2007年至2022年之间,在ESO VLT上使用fors1/2进行的290多个长缝隙光谱用于遵循H,HE,N,S,O,AR的线的时间演变。代表大多数电离质量的氢和氦线不会显示出明显的变化。在[N II](+2.8%/YR;显着性2.7 Sigma)中看到了少量增加,而[O III](-1.96%/yr; 2.0 Sigma)的减少降低。 [S II]线的变化为+3.0%/yr; 1.6 Sigma)。 [S III]和AR III]的线没有显着变化。对于[S III],测量与预测减少4.5 Sigma的不同之处。一个可能的解释是,[s IV]和更高的比例大于预期。这种影响可以为行星星云中的硫异常提供潜在的解决方案。

After becoming ionized, low-density astrophysical plasmas will begin a process of slow recombination. Models for this still have significant uncertainties. The recombination cannot normally be observed in isolation, because the ionization follows the evolutionary time scale of the ionizing source. Laboratory experiments are unable to reach the appropriate conditions because of the required very long time scales. The extended nebula around the very late helium flash (VLTP) star V4334 Sgr provides a unique laboratory for this kind of study. The sudden loss of the ionizing UV radiation after the VLTP event has allowed the nebula to recombine free from other influences. More than 290 long slit spectra taken with FORS1/2 at the ESO VLT between 2007 and 2022 are used to follow the time evolution of lines of H, He, N, S, O, Ar. Hydrogen and helium lines, representing most of the ionized mass, do not show significant changes. A small increase is seen in [N II] (+2.8 %/yr; significance 2.7 sigma), while we see a decrease in [O III] (-1.96 %/yr; 2.0 sigma). The [S II] lines show a change of +3.0 %/yr; 1.6 sigma). The lines of [S III] and of Ar III] show no significant change. For [S III], the measurement differs from the predicted decrease by 4.5 sigma. A possible explanation is that the fraction of [S IV] and higher is larger than expected. Such an effect could provide a potential solution for the sulfur anomaly in planetary nebulae.

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