论文标题
由三重类星体合并形成的超大黑洞，$ z \ sim 2 $
Ultramassive black holes formed by triple quasar mergers at $z\sim 2$
论文作者
论文摘要
稀有且难以捉摸的超级黑洞（UMBH，MBH> 1E10 MSUN）的起源是一个悬而未决的问题。使用大容量的宇宙流体动力学模拟Astrid，我们报告了在Z〜2时用MBH〜1E11 MSUN形成的非常庞大的UMBH。 UMBH是由于两次大规模星系的连续合并与恒星质量M*> 3E11 MSUN组装而成的，该合并还产生了由三〜10^9 MSUN黑洞供电的明亮，稀有的三级类星体系统。超级质量黑洞（SMBHS）的第二次合并是在150 MYR之后的第一次合并。合并事件导致持续的爱丁顿积聚到中央SMBH上，并在带有M*> 2E12 MSUN的巨大紧凑型恒星核心中心形成UMBH。 UMBH的强反馈将周围的恒星形成在内部50 kpc/h区域中<10 msun/yr。 Astrid中的Z> 2的MBH> 5E10 MSUN还有两个UMBH，这也由星系的主要合并产生，它们的祖细胞可以被视为较低亮度的准三胞胎。很少观察到的类星体倍数可以是高红移时UMBH的摇篮，并且可能最终位于最庞大的簇中心。
The origin of rare and elusive ultramassive black holes (UMBH, with MBH > 1e10 Msun) is an open question. Using the large volume cosmological hydrodynamic simulation ASTRID, we report on the formation of an extremely massive UMBH with MBH ~ 1e11 Msun at z~2. The UMBH is assembled as a result of two successive mergers of massive galaxies each with stellar mass M* > 3e11 Msun that also produces a bright, rare triple quasar system powered by three ~10^9 Msun black holes. The second merger of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) follows the first after 150 Myrs. The merger events lead to sustained Eddington accretion onto the central SMBH, forming an UMBH in the center of a massive compact stellar core with M* > 2e12 Msun. The strong feedback of the UMBH quenches the surrounding star formation to < 10 Msun/yr in the inner 50 kpc/h region. There are two more UMBHs with MBH > 5e10 Msun at z>2 in ASTRID which are also produced by major mergers of galaxies, and their progenitors can be observed as quasar triplets of lower luminosity. The rarely observed quasar multiples can be the cradle of UMBHs at high redshift, and likely end up in the center of the most massive clusters.
