论文标题

流体动力学在重型离子碰撞的规格阶段的适用性

Applicability of Hydrodynamics in Hadronic Phase of Heavy-Ion Collisions

论文作者

Scaria, Ronald, Singh, Captain R., Sahoo, Raghunath

论文摘要

在相对论重的沉重离子碰撞中,习惯阶段及其动态是巨大讨论的话题。 HADRONES相包含各种大型强子,其中最轻的强子,即$π$ -Mesons(pions)。在本文中,我们认为乳腺在HADRONIC相中处于热平衡状态,并使用二阶粘性水动力学进行大规模培养基的培养基,以使其扩展到动力学冻结的边界。我们使用Knudsen Number $ kn> 1 $限制实现了动力学冻结边界。当满足这种情况时,与系统尺寸相比,水动力扩展分解,平均自由路径变得足够大,以便保留粒子的产量。此外,我们研究了大量流体对共振粒子产生的影响,包括重新散射和再生以及共振的自然衰变宽度。共振可以在确定耐药阶段的特性中起着至关重要的作用,因为它们的寿命足够小,这可能与Hadronic阶段寿命相媲美。在当前的研究中,我们预测了HADRONIC阶段寿命,该寿命进一步用于确定$ k^*(892)^0/k $,$ ϕ(1020)/k $和$ρ(770)^0/π$产量比在动力学冻结处。我们将这些比率计算为带电的粒子多样性和横向动量的函数,并将发现与实验数据进行比较。我们的计算与实验数据一致,这表明可能是辐射阶段的流体动力学演变。

The hadronic phase and its dynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are topics of immense discussion. The hadronic phase contains various massive hadrons with an abundance of the lightest hadron, i.e., $π$-mesons (pions). In this paper, we consider that pions are in thermal equilibrium in the hadronic phase and use second-order viscous hydrodynamics for a medium of massive pions to obtain its expansion to the boundary of the kinetic freeze-out. We achieve the kinetic freeze-out boundary with the Knudsen number $Kn>1$ limit. When this condition is met, hydrodynamics expansion breaks down, and the mean free path becomes sufficiently large in comparison with the system size so that the particle yields are preserved. Further, we investigate the effect of the massive fluid on the resonance particle yields, including re-scattering and regeneration, along with the natural decay widths of the resonances. The resonances can play an essential role in determining the characteristics of the hadronic phase as they have sufficiently small lifetimes, which may be comparable to the hadronic phase lifetime. In the current study, we predict the hadronic phase lifetime, which is further used to determine the $K^*(892)^0/K$, $ϕ(1020)/K$, and $ρ(770)^0/π$ yield ratios at the kinetic freeze-out. We calculate these ratios as a function of charged particle multiplicity and transverse momentum and compare the findings with experimental data. Our calculations qualitatively agree with the experimental data, indicating a possible hydrodynamical evolution of the hadronic phase.

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