论文标题

新的Chara仪器Silmaril的设计:在H-和K波段中推动3束组合器的灵敏度

Design of the new CHARA instrument SILMARIL: pushing the sensitivity of a 3-beam combiner in the H- and K-bands

论文作者

Lanthermann, Cyprien, Brummelaar, Theo ten, Tuthill, Peter, Martinod, Marc-Antoine, Ligon, E. Robert, Gies, Douglas, Schaefer, Gail, Anderson, Matthew

论文摘要

光学干涉仪是实现高角度分辨率的强大技术。但是,与其他观察技术相比,其主要问题是缺乏敏感性。在过去的十年中,已经努力提高光学干涉仪的敏感性,诸如VLTI的Pionier和Gravity之类的仪器,或Mirc-X和Mystic在Chara上。尽管这些仪器推动了灵敏度,但它们的设计焦点不是灵敏度,而是相对的星体精度,成像能力或光谱分辨率。我们的目标是建立一种专门设计用于优化灵敏度的仪器。这意味着将我们的设计工作重点放在仪器的不同部分上,并研究新技术和技术。首先,我们使用E-APD技术利用低噪声C-RED One摄像头,并通过First Light Imaging提供,该摄像头已经用于改善最近的新仪器的灵敏度。我们放弃了单模纤维的使用,但仍然偏爱与瞳孔平面布局相比提供更灵敏度的图像平面设计。我们还使用最小数量的光学元素来最大程度地提高设计的吞吐量,并使用较长的焦距圆柱镜。我们选择将设计限制为3束,以获得闭合相的能力,但不能稀释更多梁组合中的传入通量。我们还在设计边缘过滤器中使用了同时观察H-和K波段的能力。我们使用低频谱分辨率,可用于组延迟条纹跟踪,但最大程度地提高了每个光谱通道的条纹的SNR。所有这些元素将导致H-和K波段之间的典型限制幅度。

Optical interferometry is a powerful technique to achieve high angular resolution. However, its main issue is its lack of sensitivity, compared to other observation techniques. Efforts have been made in the previous decade to improve the sensitivity of optical interferometry, with instruments such as PIONIER and GRAVITY at VLTI, or MIRC-X and MYSTIC at CHARA. While those instruments pushed on sensitivity, their design focus was not the sensitivity but relative astrometric accuracy, imaging capability, or spectral resolution. Our goal is to build an instrument specifically designed to optimize for sensitivity. This meant focusing our design efforts on different parts of the instrument and investigating new technologies and techniques. First, we make use of the low-noise C-RED One camera using e-APD technology and provided by First Light Imaging, already used in the improvement of sensitivity in recent new instruments. We forego the use of single-mode fibers but still favor an image plane design that offers more sensitivity than a pupil plane layout. We also use a minimum number of optical elements to maximize the throughput of the design, using a long focal length cylindrical mirror. We chose to limit our design to 3 beams, to have the capability to obtain closure phases, but not dilute the incoming flux in more beam combinations. We also use in our design an edge filter to have the capability to observe H- and K-band at the same time. We use a low spectral resolution, allowing for group delay fringe tracking but maximizing the SNR of the fringes for each spectral channel. All these elements will lead to a typical limiting magnitude between 10 and 11 in both H- and K-bands.

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