论文标题
次级回忆和三类隧道时间延迟在强场电离中
Sub-barrier recollisions and the three classes of tunneling time delays in strong-field ionization
论文作者
论文摘要
隧道电离的特征是负时间延迟，渐近地观察到光电子动量分布的特定移位，这是由子轰炸回忆和直接电离路径的干扰引起的。相反，波功能峰值之后的A \ textit {gedankenexperiment}仅考虑直接电离路径，显示出隧道出口处的正隧道时间延迟。在本文中，我们研究了子障碍回忆对隧道出口时时间延迟模式的影响。我们得出的结论是，直接和回忆轨迹的干扰会减少出口处的隧道时间延迟，而相当于渐近时间延迟的值保持较大的正值。最后，我们讨论了最近的实验[Light：Science \＆Applications 11，1（2022）]，以修改后的两色修饰设置来解决隧道时间。对我们的理论模型对实验发现的分析表明，要引入隧道电离的新时间特征的物理必要性 - 描述隧道波数据包启动的时间延迟。
Tunneling ionization is characterized by a negative time delay, observed asymptotically as a specific shift of the photoelectron momentum distribution, which is caused by the interference of the sub-barrier recolliding and direct ionization paths. In contrast, a \textit{Gedankenexperiment} following the peak of the wavefunction shows a positive tunneling time delay at the tunnel exit, considering only the direct ionization path. In this paper, we investigate the effects of sub-barrier recollisions on the time delay pattern at the tunnel exit. We conclude that the interference of the direct and recolliding trajectories decreases the tunneling time delay at the exit by the value equal to the asymptotic time delay maintaining, however, its sizeable positive value. Finally, we discuss the recent experiment [Light: Science \& Applications 11, 1 (2022)] addressing the tunneling time in a modified two-color attoclock setup. The analysis of the experimental findings with our theoretical model indicates the physical necessity to introduce a new time characteristic for tunneling ionization -- the time delay describing the initiation of the tunneling wave packet.
