论文标题
配对现象的模型
Models for Pairing Phenomena
论文作者
论文摘要
配对效应在核系统中的许多方面表现出来，从有限核到核物质和紧凑的恒星等等。尽管具有一些核系统的特定特征，但这些系统中核子之间配对的机制类似于超导体中的电子。 Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer（BCS）理论是超导性的第一个成功和微观理论，Bogoliubov转化（BCS理论的概括）已被广泛用于描述核系统中的配对相关性。为了解决BCS方法中粒子数不保存的问题和广义的Bogoliubov转换，已经提出了粒子数投影技术以及几种保持粒子数量保守的方法。在对量子开放系统的外来核的研究中，必须考虑连续贡献。在本章中，将引入有关核系统中的配对效应的详尽而简短的讨论。然后，将在不同程度的细节上提出与核结构特性配对相关性相关性的核模型。尽管给出了公式，但重点主要放在有关这些模型的基本思想上。
Pairing effects manifests themselves in many aspects in nuclear systems ranging from finite nuclei to nuclear matter and compact stars. Although with some specific features for nuclear systems, the mechanism of pairing between nucleons in these systems resembles that of electrons in superconductors. The Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory, the first successful and microscopic theory for superconductivity, and the Bogoliubov transformation, the generalization of the BCS theory, have been widely used to describe pairing correlations in nuclear systems. To deal with the problem of particle number non-conservation in the BCS method and generalized Bogoliubov transformation, particle number projection techniques as well as several approaches which keep the particle number conserved, have been proposed. In the study of exotic nuclei, which are quantum open systems, the continuum contributions have to be taken into account. In this chapter, a thorough but brief discussion of pairing effects in nuclear systems will be introduced. Then nuclear models dealing with pairing correlations in nuclear structure properties will be presented to different extent of details. Although formulas are given, the emphasis is mainly put on the basic ideas concerning these models.
