论文标题

AT2019WXT:在引力波触发的电磁随访中发现的超脱落的超新星候选者

AT2019wxt: An ultra-stripped supernova candidate discovered in electromagnetic follow-up of a gravitational wave trigger

论文作者

Shivkumar, Hinna, Jaodand, Amruta D., Balasubramanian, Arvind, Fremling, Christoffer, Corsi, Alessandra, Tzanidakis, Anastasios, Nissanke, Samaya, Kasliwal, Mansi, Brightman, Murray, Raaijmakers, Geert, Madsen, Kristin Kruse, Harrison, Fiona, Carbone, Dario, J., Nayana A., Désert, Jean-Michel, Andreoni, Igor

论文摘要

我们介绍了在搜索与重力波(GW)触发S191213G(Ligo Scientific Collocation&Virgo协作与Virgo协作2019a)中发现的快速发展的瞬态AT2019WXT(PS19HGW)的光学,无线电和X射线观察结果。尽管在Ligo-Virgo数据的离线分析中,S191213G尚未被确认为重要的GW事件,但由于其特殊的性质,AT2019WXT仍然是一个有趣的短暂性。 AT2019WXT的光学/NIR光曲线显示出一种双峰结构,以类似于当前知道的超脱衣舞(USSNE)候选者的方式来迅速发展。这种双峰结构表明,祖细胞周围有一个扩展的信封,最好以两元组件进行建模:i)早期冲击冷 - 冷 - ii)late time放射性$^{56} $ ni衰变。我们限制了AT2019WXT的弹出质量为$ m_ {ej} \大约{0.20 m _ {\ odot}} $,这表明可能在二进制系统中的剥离祖细胞。我们还跟进了AT2019WXT,长期Chandra和Jansky非常大的阵列观测值$ \ sim $ 260天。在这些长期的X射线和无线电观察活动中,我们在AT2019WXT的位置没有发现确定的同行。我们将X射线上限建立在$ 9.93 \ times10^{ - 17} $ erg cm $^{ - 2} $ s $^{ - 1} $,并从AT2019WXT的区域中检测出多余的无线电发射。但是,在我们观察过程中,无线电通量的SN1993J或GW170817样变异性几乎没有证据。可能是对测得的无线电通量的大量宿主星系贡献。在EMGW随访观察过程中,AT2019WXT在光学/NIR观察中的发现和早期峰捕获凸显了需要专用的早期,多波段的光度观测值以识别USSNE。

We present optical, radio and X-ray observations of a rapidly-evolving transient AT2019wxt (PS19hgw), discovered during the search for an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart to the gravitational-wave (GW) trigger S191213g (LIGO Scientific Collaboration & Virgo Collaboration 2019a). Although S191213g was not confirmed as a significant GW event in the off-line analysis of LIGO-Virgo data, AT2019wxt remained an interesting transient due its peculiar nature. The optical/NIR light curve of AT2019wxt displayed a double-peaked structure evolving rapidly in a manner analogous to currently know ultra-stripped supernovae (USSNe) candidates. This double-peaked structure suggests presence of an extended envelope around the progenitor, best modelled with two-components: i) early-time shock-cooling emission and ii) late-time radioactive $^{56}$Ni decay. We constrain the ejecta mass of AT2019wxt at $M_{ej} \approx{0.20 M_{\odot}}$ which indicates a significantly stripped progenitor that was possibly in a binary system. We also followed-up AT2019wxt with long-term Chandra and Jansky Very Large Array observations spanning $\sim$260 days. We detected no definitive counterparts at the location of AT2019wxt in these long-term X-ray and radio observational campaigns. We establish the X-ray upper limit at $9.93\times10^{-17}$ erg cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ and detect an excess radio emission from the region of AT2019wxt. However, there is little evidence for SN1993J- or GW170817-like variability of the radio flux over the course of our observations. A substantial host galaxy contribution to the measured radio flux is likely. The discovery and early-time peak capture of AT2019wxt in optical/NIR observation during EMGW follow-up observations highlights the need of dedicated early, multi-band photometric observations to identify USSNe.

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