论文标题
环境空气污染对挪威出生结果的影响
The effect of ambient air pollution on birth outcomes in Norway
论文作者
论文摘要
即使在污染水平相对较低的国家，环境空气污染也对胎儿有害。在本文中，我研究了环境空气污染对挪威出生结果的影响。我发现，在同一亚柱固定效果和日历月份的固定效果下，在上三个月中暴露于环境一氧化氮会导致明显的出生体重和出生长度损失，而其他环境空气污染物（如氮二氧化物和氮二恶英）似乎在诺伊利的胎儿中似乎是安全水平的。此外，对于有弱势父母的新生儿，环境一氧化氮的边际不利影响更大。一氧化氮的平均浓度和偶尔的高浓度事件都会对出生预后产生不利影响。我的工作的贡献包括：首先，我发现产前对环境一氧化氮的暴露对出生结局的不利影响填补了长期的知识差距。其次，由于样本量和挪威的次级守则的地理划分大，我可以控制一组丰富的时空固定效应，以克服由住宅区选择和交付日期引起的大多数内生性问题。此外，我在低污染环境中研究了环境空气污染，该污染物提供了有关低环境空气污染的健康影响的新证据。
Ambient air pollution is harmful to the fetus even in countries with relatively low levels of pollution. In this paper, I examine the effects of ambient air pollution on birth outcomes in Norway. I find that prenatal exposure to ambient nitric oxide in the last trimester causes significant birth weight and birth length loss under the same sub-postcode fixed effects and calendar month fixed effects, whereas other ambient air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide appear to be at safe levels for the fetus in Norway. In addition, the marginal adverse effect of ambient nitric oxide is larger for newborns with disadvantaged parents. Both average concentrations of nitric oxide and occasional high concentration events can adversely affect birth outcomes. The contributions of my work include: first, my finding that prenatal exposure to environmental nitric oxide has an adverse effect on birth outcomes fills a long-standing knowledge gap. Second, with the large sample size and geographic division of sub-postal codes in Norway, I can control for a rich set of spatio-temporal fixed effects to overcome most of the endogeneity problems caused by the choice of residential area and date of delivery. In addition, I study ambient air pollution in a low-pollution setting, which provides new evidence on the health effects of low ambient air pollution.
