论文标题
将量子开关及其模拟与充满活力约束的操作进行比较
Comparing the quantum switch and its simulations with energetically-constrained operations
论文作者
论文摘要
量子力学允许将过程超级实现,从而导致真正缺乏因果结构。例如,被称为量子开关的过程应用两个操作$ {\ cal a} $和$ {\ cal b} $在两个可能的订单的上述中,$ {\ cal a} $在$ {\ cal b} $之前,$ {\ cal b} $和$ {\ cal b} $之前$ {\ cal b} $。量子开关的实验实现受到了一些挑战,理由是操作$ {\ cal a} $和$ {\ cal b} $多次实施,从而模拟无限期的因果订单而不是实际实施。在这场辩论中,我们考虑了一种情况,在这种情况下,量子操作是通过轻度互动模型实际描述的。尽管对于我们的模型,但在无限的能源制度中,这两个过程却是无法区分的,限制了可用于实施操作的能量引入不完美之处,这使人们可以使用不同数量的操作来区分过程。我们考虑了如此充满活力约束的场景,并将量子开关与其自然模拟之一进行比较,其中每个操作都被两次实施。考虑到通勤-VS的统一歧视任务,我们发现在我们的模型中,量子开关的性能比其模拟更好,一定程度的能量。除了因果叠加的已知计算或通信优势外,我们的工作还提出了有关其潜在能力优势的新问题。
Quantum mechanics allows processes to be superposed, leading to a genuinely quantum lack of causal structure. For example, the process known as the quantum switch applies two operations ${\cal A}$ and ${\cal B}$ in a superposition of the two possible orders, ${\cal A}$ before ${\cal B}$ and ${\cal B}$ before ${\cal A}$. Experimental implementations of the quantum switch have been challenged by some on the grounds that the operations ${\cal A}$ and ${\cal B}$ were implemented more than once, thereby simulating indefinite causal order rather than actually implementing it. Motivated by this debate, we consider a situation in which the quantum operations are physically described by a light-matter interaction model. While for our model the two processes are indistinguishable in the infinite energy regime, restricting the energy available for the implementation of the operations introduces imperfections, which allow one to distinguish processes using different number of operations. We consider such an energetically-constrained scenario and compare the quantum switch to one of its natural simulations, where each operation is implemented twice. Considering a commuting-vs-anticommuting unitary discrimination task, we find that within our model the quantum switch performs better, for some fixed amount of energy, than its simulation. In addition to the known computational or communication advantages of causal superpositions, our work raises new questions about their potential energetic advantages.