论文标题
将开放数据作为数字通用 - 应用于开放数据生态系统的公共资源的设计原理
Sustaining Open Data as a Digital Common -- Design principles for Common Pool Resources applied to Open Data Ecosystems
论文作者
论文摘要
动机。当我们进入数字社会时，数字共享是一种新兴的现象，并且越来越重要。开放数据是一个示例，构成了当今许多数字服务和应用程序的关键输入和基础。因此，确保数据的可持续供应和维护变得更加重要。目的。我们旨在调查如何在围绕一个共同的社区中进行此类供应和维护。具体来说，我们研究开放数据生态系统（ODES），这是一种参与者社区，在技术平台上公开共享和不断发展的数据。方法。我们将Elinor Ostrom的设计原理用于通用集合资源的镜头，以系统地分析使用面向理论的软件工程框架的早期报道的ODE案例的治理。结果。我们发现，尽管自然公地必须调节消费，但诸如ODE维护的开放数据之类的数字共享必须刺激使用和数据提供。治理需要实现此类刺激，同时还可以确保在社区可用维护资源的框架内仍可以协调和管理集体行动。从这个意义上讲，减法性是关于维持数据质量和价值所需的资源的关注，而不是数据的可用性。此外，我们基于Ostrom的设计原理来得出基于经验的推荐实践，以实现如何以可持续且协作的数据来设计治理结构。结论。 ODE有望在数据供应中发挥作用，该数据供应使数字社会民主化，并使较小的商业参与者的创新能力。我们基于经验的指南旨在支持这一发展。
Motivation. Digital commons is an emerging phenomenon and of increasing importance, as we enter a digital society. Open data is one example that makes up a pivotal input and foundation for many of today's digital services and applications. Ensuring sustainable provisioning and maintenance of the data, therefore, becomes even more important. Aim. We aim to investigate how such provisioning and maintenance can be collaboratively performed in the community surrounding a common. Specifically, we look at Open Data Ecosystems (ODEs), a type of community of actors, openly sharing and evolving data on a technological platform. Method. We use Elinor Ostrom's design principles for Common Pool Resources as a lens to systematically analyze the governance of earlier reported cases of ODEs using a theory-oriented software engineering framework. Results. We find that, while natural commons must regulate consumption, digital commons such as open data maintained by an ODE must stimulate both use and data provisioning. Governance needs to enable such stimulus while also ensuring that the collective action can still be coordinated and managed within the frame of available maintenance resources of a community. Subtractability is, in this sense, a concern regarding the resources required to maintain the quality and value of the data, rather than the availability of data. Further, we derive empirically-based recommended practices for ODEs based on the design principles by Ostrom for how to design a governance structure in a way that enables a sustainable and collaborative provisioning and maintenance of the data. Conclusion. ODEs are expected to play a role in data provisioning which democratize the digital society and enables innovation from smaller commercial actors. Our empirically based guidelines intend to support this development.
