论文标题
非平衡浴中的信息引擎
Information engine in a nonequilibrium bath
论文作者
论文摘要
信息引擎可以以订单$ k_ \ mathrm {b} t $每次放松时间的订单转换为温度$ t $的浴缸的热波动。我们通过实验表明，与平衡的浴缸接触时，此类发动机可以提取更多的工作。我们将沉重的微米尺度珠子放在谐波电位中，以捕捉有利的波动。增加波动的电场可将工作提取高达十倍，仅受应用场的强度限制。我们的结果将麦克斯韦的恶魔与能量收集联系起来，并对效率进行估计表明，非平衡浴中的信息引擎可以极大地超过常规发动机。
Information engines can convert thermal fluctuations of a bath at temperature $T$ into work at rates of order $k_\mathrm{B}T$ per relaxation time of the system. We show experimentally that such engines, when in contact with a bath that is out of equilibrium, can extract much more work. We place a heavy, micron-scale bead in a harmonic potential that ratchets up to capture favorable fluctuations. Adding a fluctuating electric field increases work extraction up to ten times, limited only by the strength of applied field. Our results connect Maxwell's demon with energy harvesting and an estimate of efficiency shows that information engines in nonequilibrium baths can greatly outperform conventional engines.
