论文标题
听说过道德AI吗？调查德国人口中道德AI问题的显着性
Ever heard of ethical AI? Investigating the salience of ethical AI issues among the German population
论文作者
论文摘要
建立和实施使整个社会受益的道德AI系统是成本密集的，并且是一项多方面的任务，这些任务充满了潜在的问题。尽管计算机科学主要关注缓解社会问题的技术问题，但社会科学探讨了公民对影响AI系统社会实施的社会和政治要求的看法。因此，在这项研究中，我们探讨了公众中AI问题的显着性，重点是调查人口是否积极要求道德AI的道德标准。在2020年5月至2021年4月之间，我们进行了15次调查，询问德国人口最重要的AI相关问题（总计n = 14,988名受访者）。我们的结果表明，大多数受访者根本不关心AI。但是，可以看出，对AI和更高教育水平的普遍兴趣可以预测与AI的某些互动。在其中报告了考虑AI的情况下，特定的应用程序（例如自动驾驶）是迄今为止所提到的主题。道德问题只有一小部分公民的公平，问责制和透明度最少，这表达了道德问题。这些已在几个道德准则（包括欧盟委员会的提议）中被确定为发展道德AI的关键要素。道德问题的显着性会以他们的方式影响公民的行为意图。我们得出的结论是，较低的道德意义可能会为共同利益实际实施道德AI带来一个严重的问题，并强调那些大概受AI道德问题影响最大的人尤其不知道道德风险。然而，一旦道德AI是头脑中的佼佼者，就有一些行动主义的潜力。
Building and implementing ethical AI systems that benefit the whole society is cost-intensive and a multi-faceted task fraught with potential problems. While computer science focuses mostly on the technical questions to mitigate social issues, social science addresses citizens' perceptions to elucidate social and political demands that influence the societal implementation of AI systems. Thus, in this study, we explore the salience of AI issues in the public with an emphasis on ethical criteria to investigate whether it is likely that ethical AI is actively requested by the population. Between May 2020 and April 2021, we conducted 15 surveys asking the German population about the most important AI-related issues (total of N=14,988 respondents). Our results show that the majority of respondents were not concerned with AI at all. However, it can be seen that general interest in AI and a higher educational level are predictive of some engagement with AI. Among those, who reported having thought about AI, specific applications (e.g., autonomous driving) were by far the most mentioned topics. Ethical issues are voiced only by a small subset of citizens with fairness, accountability, and transparency being the least mentioned ones. These have been identified in several ethical guidelines (including the EU Commission's proposal) as key elements for the development of ethical AI. The salience of ethical issues affects the behavioral intentions of citizens in the way that they 1) tend to avoid AI technology and 2) engage in public discussions about AI. We conclude that the low level of ethical implications may pose a serious problem for the actual implementation of ethical AI for the Common Good and emphasize that those who are presumably most affected by ethical issues of AI are especially unaware of ethical risks. Yet, once ethical AI is top of the mind, there is some potential for activism.
