论文标题
熵产生跑步粒子的波动
Fluctuations of entropy production of a run-and-tumble particle
论文作者
论文摘要
平衡系统不断产生熵,其生产率是非平衡条件的指纹。在受热噪声的小型耗散系统中,熵产生的波动很大。迄今为止,均值和差异已经进行了大量研究,即使较高的矩对充分表征感兴趣系统的特征可能很重要。在这里,我们引入了一种图形方法,以计算通用离散状态系统的任何熵产生时刻。然后,我们专注于活性颗粒的范式模型,即跑步动力学,它类似于在几种微生物中观察到的运动。使用我们的框架,我们为该模型的离散版本计算了熵制作的前三个累积物。我们还将分析结果与数值模拟进行了比较。我们发现,随着状态数量的增加,熵产生的分布与高斯偏离。最后,我们使用过渡速率的适当缩放尺度将框架扩展到连续的状态空间运行模型。这里提出的方法可能有助于揭示任何流动系统中任何电流的非平衡波动的特征。
Out-of-equilibrium systems continuously generate entropy, with its rate of production being a fingerprint of non-equilibrium conditions. In small-scale dissipative systems subject to thermal noise, fluctuations of entropy production are significant. Hitherto, mean and variance have been abundantly studied, even if higher moments might be important to fully characterize the system of interest. Here, we introduce a graphical method to compute any moment of entropy production for a generic discrete-state system. Then, we focus on a paradigmatic model of active particles, i.e., run-and-tumble dynamics, which resembles the motion observed in several microorganisms. Employing our framework, we compute the first three cumulants of the entropy production for a discrete version of this model. We also compare our analytical results with numerical simulations. We find that as the number of states increases, the distribution of entropy production deviates from a Gaussian. Finally, we extend our framework to a continuous state-space run-and-tumble model, using an appropriate scaling of the transition rates. The approach here presented might help uncover the features of non-equilibrium fluctuations of any current in biological systems operating out-of-equilibrium.