论文标题

部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测

Nature and Scalings of Density Fluctuations of Compressible MHD Turbulence with Applications to the Solar Wind

论文作者

Fu, Xiangrong, Li, Hui, Gan, Zhaoming, Du, Senbei, Steinberg, John

论文摘要

储层计算是预测湍流的有力工具,其简单的架构具有处理大型系统的计算效率。然而,其实现通常需要完整的状态向量测量和系统非线性知识。我们使用非线性投影函数将系统测量扩展到高维空间,然后将其输入到储层中以获得预测。我们展示了这种储层计算网络在时空混沌系统上的应用,该系统模拟了湍流的若干特征。我们表明,使用径向基函数作为非线性投影器,即使只有部分观测并且不知道控制方程,也能稳健地捕捉复杂的系统非线性。最后,我们表明,当测量稀疏、不完整且带有噪声,甚至控制方程变得不准确时,我们的网络仍然可以产生相当准确的预测,从而为实际湍流系统的无模型预测铺平了道路。

The solar wind is a magnetized and turbulent plasma. Its turbulence is often dominated by Alfvénic fluctuations and often deemed as nearly incompressible far away from the Sun, as shown by in-situ measurements near 1AU. However, for solar wind closer to the Sun, the plasma $β$ decreases (often lower than unity) while the turbulent Mach number $M_t$ increases (can approach unity, e.g., transonic fluctuations). These conditions could produce significantly more compressible effects, characterized by enhanced density fluctuations, as seen by several space missions. In this paper, a series of 3D MHD simulations of turbulence are carried out to understand the properties of compressible turbulence, particularly the generation of density fluctuations. We find that, over a broad range of parameter space in plasma $β$, cross helicity and polytropic index, the turbulent density fluctuations scale linearly as a function of $M_t$, with the scaling coefficients showing weak dependence on parameters. Furthermore, through detailed spatio-temporal analysis, we show that the density fluctuations are dominated by low-frequency nonlinear structures, rather than compressible MHD eigen-waves. These results could be important for understanding how compressible turbulence contributes to solar wind heating near the Sun.

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