论文标题
人的大脑无法检测到虚假新闻：文本虚假易感性的神经认知研究
Human Brains Can't Detect Fake News: A Neuro-Cognitive Study of Textual Disinformation Susceptibility
论文作者
论文摘要
数字虚假信息的传播（又称“假新闻”）可以说是互联网上最重要的威胁之一，它可能造成大规模的个人和社会危害。虚假新闻攻击的敏感性取决于互联网用户在阅读后是否认为虚假新闻文章/片段是合法的。在本文中，我们试图通过神经认知方法来深入了解用户对以文本为中心的假新闻攻击的敏感性。我们通过脑电图调查了与假/真实新闻有关的神经基础。我们与人类用户进行实验，以彻底调查用户对假/真实新闻的认知处理和认知处理。我们分析了不同类别的新闻文章的假/真实新闻检测任务相关的神经活动。我们的结果表明，在人脑处理假新闻与真实新闻的方式上可能没有统计学意义或自动推断出的差异，而当人们受到（真实/假）新闻与休息状态，甚至在某些不同类别的虚假新闻之间的差异时，会观察到明显的差异。这种神经认知发现可能有助于证明用户对假新闻攻击的敏感性，这也从行为分析中证实。换句话说，假新闻文章似乎与行为和神经领域的真实新闻文章几乎没有区别。我们的工作旨在剖析假新闻攻击的基本神经现象，并通过人类生物学的局限性解释了用户对这些攻击的敏感性。我们认为，对于研究人员和从业者来说，这可能是一个显着的见解
The spread of digital disinformation (aka "fake news") is arguably one of the most significant threats on the Internet which can cause individual and societal harm of large scales. The susceptibility to fake news attacks hinges on whether Internet users perceive a fake news article/snippet to be legitimate after reading it. In this paper, we attempt to garner an in-depth understanding of users' susceptibility to text-centric fake news attacks via a neuro-cognitive methodology. We investigate the neural underpinnings relevant to fake/real news through EEG. We run an experiment with human users to pursue a thorough investigation of users' perception and cognitive processing of fake/real news. We analyze the neural activity associated with the fake/real news detection task for different categories of news articles. Our results show there may be no statistically significant or automatically inferable differences in the way the human brain processes the fake vs. real news, while marked differences are observed when people are subject to (real/fake) news vs. resting state and even between some different categories of fake news. This neuro-cognitive finding may help to justify users' susceptibility to fake news attacks, as also confirmed from the behavioral analysis. In other words, the fake news articles may seem almost indistinguishable from the real news articles in both behavioral and neural domains. Our work serves to dissect the fundamental neural phenomena underlying fake news attacks and explains users' susceptibility to these attacks through the limits of human biology. We believe this could be a notable insight for the researchers and practitioners suggesting the human detection of fake news might be ineffective, which may also have an adverse impact on the design of automated detection approaches that crucially rely upon human labeling of text articles for building training models
