论文标题
使用PologoRogarmic存储实现几乎所有区块链功能
Achieving Almost All Blockchain Functionalities with Polylogarithmic Storage
论文作者
论文摘要
在当前的区块链系统中,执行所有可用功能的完整节点需要存储整个区块链。除区块链外,完整节点还存储一个称为\ emph {state}的区块链 - 萨金,该节点用于有效验证事务。随着受欢迎的区块链及其状态的大小迅速增长,完整的节点需要大量的存储资源才能跟上缩放。这会导致扩展和权力下放之间的拔河,因为更少的实体可以负担昂贵的资源。我们提出\ emph {hybrid节点}用于工作证明(POW)加密货币,这些加密货币可以验证交易,验证块,验证状态,矿山,选择主链,bootstrap新的混合节点并验证付款证明。通过使用称为\ emph {trimming}的协议,混合节点仅保留链长中的块数量的块数量,以表示区块链的工作证明。通过使用\ emph {无状态区块链}协议,也优化了混合节点,用于存储状态。降低的存储要求应使更多实体能够作为混合节点加入并改善系统的权力下放。我们为混合节点定义了新颖的理论安全模型,并证明它们是安全的。我们还表明,关于我们的安全定义,混合节点的存储需求几乎是最佳的。
In current blockchain systems, full nodes that perform all of the available functionalities need to store the entire blockchain. In addition to the blockchain, full nodes also store a blockchain-summary, called the \emph{state}, which is used to efficiently verify transactions. With the size of popular blockchains and their states growing rapidly, full nodes require massive storage resources in order to keep up with the scaling. This leads to a tug-of-war between scaling and decentralization since fewer entities can afford expensive resources. We present \emph{hybrid nodes} for proof-of-work (PoW) cryptocurrencies which can validate transactions, validate blocks, validate states, mine, select the main chain, bootstrap new hybrid nodes, and verify payment proofs. With the use of a protocol called \emph{trimming}, hybrid nodes only retain polylogarithmic number of blocks in the chain length in order to represent the proof-of-work of the blockchain. Hybrid nodes are also optimized for the storage of the state with the use of \emph{stateless blockchain} protocols. The lowered storage requirements should enable more entities to join as hybrid nodes and improve the decentralization of the system. We define novel theoretical security models for hybrid nodes and show that they are provably secure. We also show that the storage requirement of hybrid nodes is near-optimal with respect to our security definitions.