论文标题
大图巴斯,欣快和萨克斯牛的幽灵笔记的多样性
Diversity of ghost notes in tubas, euphoniums and saxhorns
论文作者
论文摘要
幽灵音符是一个自然的音符,可以专门在带有膨胀的钻孔(例如tubas,euphoniums或saxhorns)的贝司铜管乐器上播放。它位于踏板音符之间 - 最低自然音符可播放或第一个制度和仪器的第二条制度。但是,如果踏板音符和第二个制度之间的间隔保持在八度范围内,无论乐器如何,踏板音符和幽灵音符之间的间隔从小三分之一到完美的四分之一不等。有关此注释的参考文献非常稀缺,在Tuba玩家中并不常见。这项研究表明,描述与乐器耦合的播放器的基本黄铜模型能够将幽灵和踏板音符带到光线下。在这里,我们采用动态系统的观点,并使用数值延续软件进行分叉分析。将根据踏板音符和幽灵音符之间的频率间隔提供的数值结果与从七种不同类型的塔巴的录音中推断出的频率间隔进行了比较,每个录音都由两个专业的Tuba玩家播放。
The ghost note is a natural note which can be played exclusively on bass brass instruments with a predominantly-expanding bore profile such as tubas, euphoniums or saxhorns. It stands between the pedal note-the lowest natural note playable, or first regime-and the instrument's second regime. However, if the interval between the pedal note and the second regime remains close to an octave regardless of the instrument, the interval between the pedal note and the ghost note vary from a minor third to a perfect fourth. References about this note are very scarce, and it is not commonly known among tuba players.This study shows that an elementary brass model describing the player coupled to the instrument is capable of bringing both the ghost and the pedal note to light. Here, we adopt a dynamical systems point of view and perform a bifurcation analysis using a software of numerical continuation. The numerical results provided in terms of frequency intervals between pedal note and ghost note are compared with frequency intervals experimentally inferred from recordings of seven different types of tuba, each of them being played by two professional tuba players.