论文标题
通过学习识别少数但至关重要的状态的一般政策评估和改进
General Policy Evaluation and Improvement by Learning to Identify Few But Crucial States
论文作者
论文摘要
学习评估和改善政策是加强学习(RL)的核心问题。传统的RL算法学习为单个策略定义的值函数。最近探索的竞争选择是学习许多策略的单个价值功能。在这里,我们结合了基于参数的价值函数的参与者批判性架构和策略评估网络的策略嵌入,以学习评估(并从而有助于改善)的单个价值函数,以改善深度神经网络(NN)代表的任何策略。该方法产生竞争性的实验结果。在无限多个状态的连续控制问题中,我们的价值函数通过同时学习一小部分“探测状态”和从探测状态在策略返回中产生的动作的映射来最大程度地减少其预测错误。该方法以极少数状态的形式提取有关环境的重要抽象知识,足以完全指定许多政策的行为。策略仅通过改变探测状态的动作,遵循值函数的预测的梯度来改善。令人惊讶的是,只有通过分别知道如何在3和5的5个这样的知识状态下采取行动,才有可能在游泳者V3和Hopper-V3环境中克隆近距离政策的行为。值得注意的是,我们经过评估NN政策的培训的价值功能也与政策体系结构的变化也不变:我们表明,它允许对线性策略的零拍摄学习与培训期间最佳政策竞争。我们的代码是公开的。
Learning to evaluate and improve policies is a core problem of Reinforcement Learning (RL). Traditional RL algorithms learn a value function defined for a single policy. A recently explored competitive alternative is to learn a single value function for many policies. Here we combine the actor-critic architecture of Parameter-Based Value Functions and the policy embedding of Policy Evaluation Networks to learn a single value function for evaluating (and thus helping to improve) any policy represented by a deep neural network (NN). The method yields competitive experimental results. In continuous control problems with infinitely many states, our value function minimizes its prediction error by simultaneously learning a small set of `probing states' and a mapping from actions produced in probing states to the policy's return. The method extracts crucial abstract knowledge about the environment in form of very few states sufficient to fully specify the behavior of many policies. A policy improves solely by changing actions in probing states, following the gradient of the value function's predictions. Surprisingly, it is possible to clone the behavior of a near-optimal policy in Swimmer-v3 and Hopper-v3 environments only by knowing how to act in 3 and 5 such learned states, respectively. Remarkably, our value function trained to evaluate NN policies is also invariant to changes of the policy architecture: we show that it allows for zero-shot learning of linear policies competitive with the best policy seen during training. Our code is public.