论文标题

可靠的表示使得更强的防御者:无监督的结构改进

Reliable Representations Make A Stronger Defender: Unsupervised Structure Refinement for Robust GNN

论文作者

Li, Kuan, Liu, Yang, Ao, Xiang, Chi, Jianfeng, Feng, Jinghua, Yang, Hao, He, Qing

论文摘要

从消息传递机制中受益,图形神经网络(GNN)在图形数据上的繁荣任务上已经成功。但是,最近的研究表明,攻击者可以通过恶意修改图形结构来灾难性地降低GNN的性能。解决此问题的直接解决方案是通过在两个末端节点的成对表示之间学习度量函数来建模边缘权重,该指标函数试图将低权重分配给对抗边缘。现有方法使用监督GNN学到的原始功能或表示形式来对边缘重量进行建模。但是,这两种策略都面临着一些直接问题:原始特征不能代表节点的各种特性(例如结构信息),而被监督的GNN学到的表示形式可能会遭受分类器在毒图上的性能不佳。我们需要携带特征信息和尽可能糊状的结构信息的表示形式,并且对结构扰动不敏感。为此,我们提出了一条名为Stable的无监督管道,以优化图形结构。最后,我们将精心设计的图输入到下游分类器中。对于这一部分,我们设计了一个高级GCN,可显着增强香草GCN的鲁棒性而不会增加时间复杂性。在四个现实世界图基准上进行的广泛实验表明,稳定的表现优于最先进的方法,并成功防御各种攻击。

Benefiting from the message passing mechanism, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have been successful on flourish tasks over graph data. However, recent studies have shown that attackers can catastrophically degrade the performance of GNNs by maliciously modifying the graph structure. A straightforward solution to remedy this issue is to model the edge weights by learning a metric function between pairwise representations of two end nodes, which attempts to assign low weights to adversarial edges. The existing methods use either raw features or representations learned by supervised GNNs to model the edge weights. However, both strategies are faced with some immediate problems: raw features cannot represent various properties of nodes (e.g., structure information), and representations learned by supervised GNN may suffer from the poor performance of the classifier on the poisoned graph. We need representations that carry both feature information and as mush correct structure information as possible and are insensitive to structural perturbations. To this end, we propose an unsupervised pipeline, named STABLE, to optimize the graph structure. Finally, we input the well-refined graph into a downstream classifier. For this part, we design an advanced GCN that significantly enhances the robustness of vanilla GCN without increasing the time complexity. Extensive experiments on four real-world graph benchmarks demonstrate that STABLE outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and successfully defends against various attacks.

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