论文标题
短期可塑性神经元学习学习和忘记
Short-Term Plasticity Neurons Learning to Learn and Forget
论文作者
论文摘要
短期可塑性（STP）是一种在大脑皮层突触中存储腐烂记忆的机制。在计算实践中，已经使用了STP，但主要是在尖峰神经元的细分市场中，尽管理论预测它是某些动态任务的最佳解决方案。在这里，我们提出了一种新型的经常性神经单元，即STP神经元（STPN），它确实实现了非常强大的功能。它的关键机制是，突触具有一个状态，随着时间的流逝，随着时间的流逝而传播。该公式使能够通过时间返回传播训练可塑性，从而导致一种学习在短期内学习和忘记的形式。 STPN的表现优于所有测试的替代方案，即RNN，LSTMS，其他具有快速重量的模型和可区分的可塑性。我们在监督和强化学习（RL）以及协会检索，迷宫探索，Atari视频游戏和Mujoco Robotics等任务中证实了这一点。此外，我们计算出，在神经形态或生物电路中，STPN最大程度地减少了模型的能量消耗，因为它会动态降低个体突触。基于这些，生物学STP可能是一种强大的进化吸引子，可最大程度地提高效率和计算能力。现在，STPN将这些神经形态的优势也带入了广泛的机器学习实践。代码可从https://github.com/neuromorphiccomputing/stpn获得
Short-term plasticity (STP) is a mechanism that stores decaying memories in synapses of the cerebral cortex. In computing practice, STP has been used, but mostly in the niche of spiking neurons, even though theory predicts that it is the optimal solution to certain dynamic tasks. Here we present a new type of recurrent neural unit, the STP Neuron (STPN), which indeed turns out strikingly powerful. Its key mechanism is that synapses have a state, propagated through time by a self-recurrent connection-within-the-synapse. This formulation enables training the plasticity with backpropagation through time, resulting in a form of learning to learn and forget in the short term. The STPN outperforms all tested alternatives, i.e. RNNs, LSTMs, other models with fast weights, and differentiable plasticity. We confirm this in both supervised and reinforcement learning (RL), and in tasks such as Associative Retrieval, Maze Exploration, Atari video games, and MuJoCo robotics. Moreover, we calculate that, in neuromorphic or biological circuits, the STPN minimizes energy consumption across models, as it depresses individual synapses dynamically. Based on these, biological STP may have been a strong evolutionary attractor that maximizes both efficiency and computational power. The STPN now brings these neuromorphic advantages also to a broad spectrum of machine learning practice. Code is available at https://github.com/NeuromorphicComputing/stpn
