论文标题
热尾电子对D2破碎颗粒注射的同化和注射渗透的影响
Hot-tail electrons' impact on assimilation and injection penetration of D2 Shattered Pellet Injections
论文作者
论文摘要
碎片消融速率在破碎的颗粒注射(SPI)作为减轻减轻系统(DMS)的缓解效率中起着重要作用。当前主流3D MHD代码建模SPI主要假设先前热环境电子和新释放的冷电子之间的瞬时热化,如果热电子热化时间比碎片飞行时间相当甚至更长,则导致消融速率低估。为了解决这一疑问,我们在此研究热电学动力学和整体热电子影响。在快速冷却血浆中热尾电子的有限时间碰撞热化以及所谓的``自限制''效应。前者的效果倾向于耗尽热尾物种中的较冷种群,而后者则优先耗尽较高的能量人群。发现合并的结果会导致热电子分布函数几乎是自相似的衰变,而其形状与麦克斯韦分布的偏差并不多,而在热化过程中,平均能量的变化不大。基于此观察结果,进行了轴对称Jorek D2 SPI模拟,并采取了其他热尾贡献,以评估其对注入同化和穿透的总体影响。发现热尾效应确实会导致同化和较浅的穿透性,尽管总体效果取决于确切的注射构型,而缓慢的注射显示出可忽略不计的热尾效应,而快速的单个无震动的小颗粒案则显示出严重的热尾含量消融。对于类似ITER的SPI参数,总同化没有明显的偏差,但是在快速注射速度病例中,注射渗透的某些偏差。
The fragment ablation rate plays significant roles in the mitigation efficiency of Shattered Pellet Injection (SPI) as a Disruption Mitigation System (DMS). Current mainstream 3D MHD codes modelling SPIs mostly assume instantaneous thermalization between the previously hot ambient electrons and the newly released cold electrons, which results in underestimation of the ablation rate if the hot electron thermalization time is comparable or even longer than the fragment flying time. To resolve this doubt, we hereby investigate the thermalization dynamics and the overall hot-electron impact. The finite-time collisional thermalization of hot-tail electrons in a rapidly cooling plasma, as well as the so-called ``self-limiting'' effect are considered. The former effect tends to deplete the colder population within a hot-tail species, while the latter is found to preferentially deplete the higher energy population. The combined result is found to cause an almost self-similar decay of the hot electron distribution function, while its shape does not deviate much from that of Maxwellian distribution and the mean energy does not change much during the thermalization process. Based on this observation, axisymmetric JOREK D2 SPI simulations were carried out with additional hot-tail contribution to evaluate their overall impact onto the injection assimilation and penetration. It is found that the hot-tail effect indeed causes enhanced assimilation and shallower penetration, although the overall effect depends on the exact injection configuration, with the slow injection showing negligible hot-tail effect while the fast single non-shattered pellet case shows drastic hot-tail ablation enhancement. For ITER-like SPI parameters, there is no significant deviation in the total assimilation, but some deviation in the injection penetration is observed for the fast injection velocity cases.